Properties of Xray

Waves of extrmely high energy composed of individual units on energy called photons.

The speed of light 186,000 miles per second

Collimator

used in intensifying screens

creates the image

the ability to divorce electrons from matter

photons bouncing off objects (our enemy)

the positive end of the tube

negative end of the tube

cathode filaments

anode target

cathode

anode

lead barrier, film cassett (electronic image detector), grid, wall bucky

Turns generator on but no xrays is produced yet

Stands for milliamperage. Controls how much the cathode filament will be heated to "boil off" electrons

Labeled "S" for seconds. controls how long the filaments will be heated.

stands for kilovoltage. controls the positive charge which draws the electrons from the cathode filaments over to the anode taget. The higher the kV setting the more force.

Initiates the exposure, will shut off according to the settings you have set.

turns of the reciprocating grid (may not have one)

dial which you can turn to compensate for electrical drain on the circuit (may not have one)

to step up the line voltage

to turn the film black

amount of mAs and kV for the beam, density of the body part, and thickness of the body part (centimeters)

all electromagnitic energy propagating through the atmosphere (light, microwave, tv, radio).

electromagnetic radiation that is of whort enough wave lengths and high enough energy to pass through solids and divorce electrons from atoms (xrays)

a substance (isotope) that itself emits radiation (plutonium not xrays)

electron cloud

• Primary - radiation exiting from the tube through the cullimator
• Remnant - radiation going through the body to reach and expose the film
• unnecessary - leakage or scatter

material through which xrays can readily pass (looks black on film i.e. air or gas)

material dense or thick enough so that xrays cannot readily pass through it. (looks white on film i.e. metal or bone)

central ray or center of the primary beam (X of collimator light)

Source-to-image distance. How far tube (anode) is from film

Object-to-film ditance. How are patient/part is from film

a froup of radiographs taken of one body region on one occasion. (Ex: lumbar dtrudy, or cervical study)

a study taken at a subsequent time (different date) for purpose of re-eval)

a study of left and right comparable parts taken on one occasion

surface against which the patient stands

direct digital radiography

computed radiography

aur tight holder for film

wheets of cardboard coated iwth flourescent material, increasing the amount of exposure of the film by emitting visible light when the fluorescent crystals on the screens are struck by x-rays

• Name of Practice
• date
• phone
• patient name
• bdate or age

Lead markers that mark the left or right side of the patient (some show recumbant and upright)

• Patients Name, age and sex
• Date of xrays
• Which xrays were taken, including retakes
• technique factors used
• any changes from standard protocol

• Statute
• Administrative rules
• Case law

A bill introduced into the state legislature, passes the house and senate and signed by the governor. Also known as RCW (revised code of WA)

Each state has various department and boards that are authorized to pass admin rules. (Chiropractic Quality Assurance commission and Medical Quality Assurance commission are two of these departments) Also known as WAC's

These are cases that have set precedents.

negligence

because of concerns about over-radiation and unnecessary xray exposure.

To the doctor/facility that produced them.

• Safety
• Aiming alignment
• Image quality