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Mood disorders
disturbance in emotion
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Major depression
· Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause
· Lasts for at least two weeks
· Must cause distress or impairment
· Must not be attributable to substance abuse, bereavement or medical illness
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Bipolar disorder
Severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes
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Mania
Having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability
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Seasonal affect Disorder (SAD)
A mood disorder caused by the body's reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months
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Anxiety disorders
All disorders in which the most dominate symptoms is excessive or unrealistic anxiety
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Free floating anxiety
Anxiety that seems to be unrelated any realistic, known factor
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom, along with physical symptoms of stress, which lasts 6 months or more
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Phobia
An irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity
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Social phobia
Fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation
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Specific phobia
Fear of objects or specific situations or events
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Panic disorder
Disorder in which panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life - often they begin to avoid certain things for fear they will trigger an attack
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Panic attack
Sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts (obsessions) create anxiety that is temporarily relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior (compulsion)
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor
Symptoms: anxiety, dissociation, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems
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Behavioral model
State that disordered behavior is learned through both + and - reinforcement
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Psychoanalytic model
Point to repressed urges and desires that are trying to come into conscious, creating anxiety that is controlled by abnormal behavior
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Cognitive model
Illogical, irrational thought processes
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Biological model
Believe in evolutionary basis for anxiety; chemical imbalances in nervous system
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Anorexia
Condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of 15 percent or more below the ideal body weight occurs
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Bulimia
A condition in which a person develops a cycle of "binging," or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain
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Binge eating disorder
Significant binge eating followed by remorse but do not purge or fast
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Schizophrenia
Sever disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations, and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality
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Schizophrenia
Positive symptoms
Presence of inappropriate behavior; hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate thinking and behavior and disorganized speech
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Schizophrenia
Negative symptoms
Absence of normal appropriate behavior; poor attention, flat affect
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Types of Schizophrenia:
Disorganized
Behavior is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disordered
EX. Inappropriate emotions, socially impaired, silly & nonsensical speech; neglect hygiene and other needs
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Types of Schizophrenia:
Catatonic
Periods of statue-like immobility mixed with occasional bursts of energetic, frantic movement and talking
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Types of Schizophrenia:
Paranoid
Type of schizophrenia in which the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinations
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Schizophrenia Causes:
Cognitive Model
Severely irrational thinking
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Schizophrenia Causes:
Behavioral Model
· Reinforcement, observational
- · learning, and shaping affect the development
- of the behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia Causes:
Psychoanalytic model
A severe breakdown of the ego, overwhelmed by demands of id and results in childish, infantile behavior
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Schizophrenia Causes:
Biological Model
On dopamine, structural defects in brain, inflammation, and genetic influences in schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia Causes:
Stress-Vulnerability Model
A biological sensitivity, or vulnerability, to a certain disorder that will develop under the right conditions of environmental or emotional stress
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Dissociative amnesia
Loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete
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Dissociative fugue
Traveling away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information
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Depersonalization disorder
Sufferers feel detached and disconnected from themselves, their bodies, and their surroundings
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Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Disorder occurring when a person seems to have 2 or more distinct personalities within one body
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Cognitive-behavioral model
Kind of avoidance learning
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Psychoanalytic model
Repression of memories, seeing dissociation as a defense mechanism against anxiety
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Biological model
Something wrong in part of brain that controls personality
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