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atom
the smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the element
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Electron
a negatively charged particle within the atom
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Subatomic particle
a particle that is smaller than the atom
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nucleus
in chemistry, the positively charged centre of an atom
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proton
a positively charged particle that is part of every atomic nucleus
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neutron
an uncharged particle that is part of almost every atomic nucleus
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atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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mass number
the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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isotope
one of two or more forms of an element that have the smae number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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Atomic mass
the average mass of the naturally occuring isotopes of an elecment
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periodic table
a system for organizing the elements into columns and ros, so that elements with similar properties are in the same column
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metal
typically, an element that is hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
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non-metal
typically, an elecment that is not shiny, malleable, or ductile, and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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metalloid
an element that shares some properties with metals and some properites with non-metals
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Valence electron
an electtron in the outermost occupied energy level of an atom
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Period
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
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groups
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
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Alkali metals
metals in group 1, have low melting points, malleable, highly reactive
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Alkaline-Earth metals
metals in group 2, less reactive than group 1 metals, high combustibility
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Noble gases
elements in group 18, odourless, colourless, non-reactive
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Halogens
elements in group 17, highly reactive, extremly corrosive
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Bohr-Rutherford diagram
diagram of the atom including subatomic particles in the nucleus with correct number of protons and neutrons, with electrons around the nucleus in a planetary formation including energy levels
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