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Lagomorpha
- Order within the Infraorder Eutheria
- Hares, rabbits, pikas
- 1. Two pairs of upper incisions, 2nd pair located directly behind the first
- 2. fenestrated maxilla
- 3. Incisions and cheekteeth separated by large diastema
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Ochotonidae
- Family within the Order Lagomorpha
- pikas
- 1. pinna short, rounded
- 2. maxilla with single perforations
- 3. Cutting edge of the 1st upper incision V-shaped
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Leporidae
- Family within the Order Lagomorpha
- Rabbits, cottontails, hares, and jackrabbits
- 1. Pinna long, pointed
- 2. Fan-shaped supraorbital process
- 3. Maxilla with numerous perforations
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Carnivora
Order within the Infraclass Eutheria
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Felidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- cats
- 1. Skull short, rounded formally; rostrum very short, blunt
- 2. carnassials very well developed
- 3. Last upper molar tiny, round
- 4. Well-developed postorbital process
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Viverridae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- civets
- 1. Pelage usually spotted or striped
- 2. alisphenoid canal present
- 3. Notch at posterior end of palate
- 4. One hole after auditory bullae
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Herpestidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- mongooses
- 1. Pelage unicolored or with dorsal bands
- 2. Complete postorbital bar
- 3. 2 holes in front of auditory bullae
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Hyaenidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- Hyenas
- 1. Massive skull
- 2. Sagittal crest
- 3. Large last upper molar
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Caniformia
- Suborder within the Order Carnivora
- Contains Family Canidae
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Canidae
- Family within the Suborder Caniforma
- Dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes
- 1. Skull elongated; rostrum relatively long
- 2. Well-developed tabloid on 1st lower molar
- 3. Large sagittal crest
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Ursidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- Bears
- 1. mastoid process subequal in size to paraoccipital process
- 2. alisphenoid canal present
- 3. Poorly developed carnassials/bunodont
- 4. Last upper molar very large, elongated anteroposteriorly
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Otariidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- eared seals, sea lions, fur seals
- 1. Pinna present
- 2. Supraorbital process well-developed
- 3. Mastoid process separate from auditory bulla (unlike Phocidae)
- 4. Pegged cheekteeth
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Odobenidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- 1. Upper canine enormous
- 2. No lower incisors
- 3. Peg-like cheekteeth
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Phocidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- Earless seals
- 1. Body usually spotted or banded
- 2. hindlimbs incapable of forward rotation
- 3. Mastoid process bound to auditory bulla unlike Otariidae
- 3. cheekteeth multi-cusped
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Mustelidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- Weasels, otters, badgers, wolverines
- 1. postmandibular process prominent and often locks into lower jaw
- 2. Rostrum short
- 3. palate extends beyond toothrow edge (except in Wolverines)
- 4. Upper molar dumbbell shaped in weasel
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Mephitidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- skunks
- 1. Skull somewhat delicate/rounded
- 2. Palate extends to posterior end of toothrow
- 3. Smaller auditory bulla than mustelids
- 4. Last upper molar square
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Procyonidae
- Family within the Order Carnivora
- Coati, kinkajou, raccoon
- 1. Ringed tail
- 2. Mastoid process equal to or larger in size than paraoccipital process
- 3. Upper molars usually with hypocone
- 4. Last upper molar relatively large, rounded
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