Biology: Vertebrate

What three Subphylum's make up the Chordata?

The ______ subphylum has no jaw

The _______ subphylum is jawed mouth

What two species make up the Agnatha superclass?

What is the jaw evolution?

What two things did the jaw evolution allow to happen?

Class Chondrichthyes (______) have a ______________ tail, and _____ scales.

Eggs within the mother are ____________?

Egg laying are _________?

Live birth is ________?

Sharks have a __ chambered heart

Sharks have a ________ gut, and intestine have a _____ valve that helps by increasing _______ area.

Sharks sensory canals are ______ line and the receptors are ________ organs

Skate is ______ (egg laying) had ____ fin, fleshy ____ and are often ___ (size)

Eagle Ray are _______ (live birth), have no _____ fin, _____ tail and are often ____ (size)

The electric organs are _____ muscles and can deliver up to ___ volts.

Superclass Gnathostomata are the ____ fishes

Osteichthyes(bony fishes) have a ____ skeleton, ____-____ (gas filled pouch), ______ over gill slits and __ chambered heart with ___ circulation.

The swim bladder allows fish to control ______

Teleost fish have ____ or _____ scales

______ tails and increased _________ allow for fast swimming

Moray eel has a _____ jaw that sits in the back or the throat and pulls food down to chew.

Lung fish have a __ chambered heart, and can have ____ or _____ circulation

A ______ has four limbs

Class Amphibia has a __ chambered heart with ____ circulation, is ________ (cold-blooded).

In Class Amphibia the transition to land is incomplete because of theses three reasons

Respiration in Class Amphibia is via ___, ____ and ____

What three orders make up class Amphibia?

Caecilians are _____ (snake like), ______ (fossorial) or ____ (water).

Newts and salamanders have __ limbs, have respiration via ____, ____,___ and have ___ fertilization with _____ (packets of sperm)

_____________ or neoteny is the retention os juvenile traits in adults

Frogs and toad have moos skin with glands that consists of ___________, ______ glands and ________ glands

________ is the joining of male and females in toads and frogs during reproduction

Parental care in forge and toads consist of

What allowed reptiles to be successful on land?

Amniotic eggs are made of _____, _______ and ______ membranes

Anapsids skull has __ opening behind eye sockets. Synapsids have ___ pair of openings. Diapsids have ____ openings in skull.

Class Reptile has horny ____ covering the epidermis, __ paired limbs and __ toes. __ chambered hearts, _________ (body temp) and ________ egg.

Turtles and tortoises have enclosed in ___ fused to _______. No _____, ______(feeding).

Lepidosauria have a highly kinetic ____ with flexible ____.

Reproduction is internal in lizards and snakes due to _______

Snakes are _______ (feet), left ___ reduced, no outer ___, no moveable ______ and are _______(feeding type)

Class Aves have ________ are modified for flight, body covered with ______, horny ___ and no ____. __ chambered heart, internal ________.

Adaptations for flight are: _____ , ______ and ______

Birds have a high ______ rate because they are ________.

Aves have a complex nervous system because of a large ______, complex _____, and excellent _____ and _____.

Annual cycles of birds include ____, _________, and _____

Cues for navigation during migration in birds:

Human evolution in primates includes: _______ hands, large ____, _______ vision and complex social _____

General requirements of all organisms:
- Source of ______
-Source fo ______
-B______
-interaction with ____________
-_______ continuity

An example of convergent evolution

Example of Divergent evolution:

One benefit of sexual reproduction?

One benefit of asexual reproduction?

_______ is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

_____-species interactions are _____

___-species interaction are _______

____ factors are living

______ factors are physical or chemical

Groups of organisms are organized into _________(many species) -->composed of--> ___________(one species)--> composed of--> _____________

A ______ is composed of communities plus the physical environment

A ____ has unique climate and biological feature. It may include >1 ecosystem

The _________ includes all the biomes on earth

__________ ______ studies the flow of energy and chemical compounds through and ecosystem.

Example of a study of an individual:

Example of a population study:

Examples of a community study:

Examples of ecosystem study:

Examples of a Biome study:

____ energy determines temperature?

__ _________ determines aridity and precipitation?

The _____ _____ : because the earth is rotates and is round air moving over it seems to turn.

What three factors determine global climates:

_____ is arctic and at high elevations. Vegetation is low-growing. Underlain by permafrost.

________ _______ (coniferous) forest have cold, long winters; short summers. Dominated by evergreens. short growing seasons, Have only a few tress. Dominate species- moose and hares.

______ __________ Forest have evenly distributed precipitation, but temps fluctuate dramatically. Dominated by tress that lose eaves during the cold season.

_______ ________ (prairie) are dry mud of the year; hot summers and cold winters. Much has been converted to agriculture.

____ ______ is dominated by few species; low lying shrubs. plants produce lots of seeds that support the see eating birds and rodents.

___ _____ has more species and structurally diverse vegetation than cold deserts. Many annuals grow after a rainfall. Pollination and fruit dispersal by animals

Animal adaptations for aridity (hot desert):

Plant adaptations for aridity (hot deserts)

______ ___________ (grasslands) the rainfall may be heavy in summer. Small tress may drop leaves in dry winter. Acacia are common. Savannas support large grazing and browsing mammals and large predators

______ _______ forest most trees lose leaves during the dry season. Many flow while leafless. Most have been cleared for agriculture and cattle grazing.

_______ ______ forest are equatorial regions with high rainfall. Highest species richness of all biomes. Overall highest productivity. Soils are poor.

______________ ______ is an applied science, devoted to protecting and managing Earth's biodiversity at many levels.

________ ______- species that have a disproportionately large influence on community dynamics.

Human actives that threaten survival:
1. H______ d________
2. Introduction of ______ _____
3. O____________
4. C_____ c_____