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speedy1joker
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What is the stimulus for speech perception?
phonemics: analysis of how specific sounds distinguish words
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What is a spectrogram?
a 3-dimensional display that plots time on the horizontal axis, frequency on the vertical axis, and amplitude on a color or gray scale
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What is coarticulation?
production of one speech sound overlapping production of the next
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What is variability?
the subtle differences in the articulation of speech
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What is the vocal tract?
the airway above the larynx used for the production of speech (the vocal tract includes the oral tract and nasal tract)
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Where is the palate?
the structure separating the oral tract from the nasal tract
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where are the vocal folds?
just above the larynx (where the vocal chords are located)
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Where does the larynx lead?
to the trachea which leads to the esophagus
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What is the epiglottis?
the dividing muscle between the tongue and the larynx
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What is the alveolar ridge?
the bone structure directly behind the top teeth wall that forms into a ridge-like structure
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How is speech produced?
through respiration (breathing), phonation (vocal chords), and articulation (vocal tract)
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How does speech articulation vary?
age, sex, and emotion
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What is segmentation?
the actions of some symbols running together and others going farther apart (can occur from a southern draw, accent) (understanding when one word ends and another begins)
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What are the special mechanisms enabling speech in humans?
- broca's area (provides the ability to produce speech)
- wernicke's area (provides the ability to understand speech)
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How is speech unique to humans?
we have the ability to wait till later to convey a message to someone whereas animals only have immediacy in their conveyance of language (psycholinguists believe speech is unique to humans)
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What is aphasia?
inability to perceive or produce speech
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What is semanticity?
ability to derive meaning from speech production
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What is arbitrariness?
conveying language meaning through repitition
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What is recursion?
embedding pieces of a sentence inside other pieces of sentences
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What is categorical perception?
listening to synthesize or categorize speech (we hear in categories) knowing when we hear one sound compared to another
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How many consonants are we able to produce per second?
10-15
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What do context effects involve?
top-down and bottom-up processing (confusing one sound for another based on what sounds you perceive)
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What is the McGurk effect?
- combining two different sounds (what you hear and what you see) to interpret a third completely different sound.
- seeing 'gah', hearing 'bah', and interpreting 'dah'
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