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D.U.P.I.A.
- Describe: species behavior
- Understand: causes of behaviors
- Predict: behavior under conditions
- Influence: behavior through control of causes
- Apply: psych knowledge to enhance human welfare
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structuralism
study the structures of the mind (sensations)
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functionalism
functions of behavior
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S.P. 1
Step 1: Identify a question of interest
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S.P. 2
Step 2: Gather Information and form hypothesis
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S.P. 3
Step 3: Test hypothesis by conducting research
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S.P. 4
Step 4: Analyze data, draw tentative conclusions and report findings.
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S.P. 5
Step 5: Build a body of knowledge
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operational definition
defines a variable in terms of the specific procedures used to produce or measure it
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Ethics in Psych Exp. (B.R.I.J.R.)
- Beneficence: benefit
- Responsibility: utmost care
- Integrity: honest and accurate
- Justice: access to psych knowledge
- Respect: confidentiality and self-determination
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Informed consent
- (before a study they must know:)
- purpose and procedures
- benefits
- risks
- right to decline or withdraw anytime
- confidentiality (if not, privacy safeguarded)
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Experiment (3 essential characteristics) [M.M.C.]
- Manipulates(controls) one or more variables
- Measures whether this manipulation influences other variables
- attempts to Control extraneous factors that might influence the outcome of the experiment
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Internal Validity
the degree to which an experiment supports clear causal conclusions
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Confounding of variables
two variables are intertwined in such a way that we cannot determine which one has influenced a dependent variable
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external validity
degree to which the results of a study can be generalized to other populations, settings, and conditions
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meta-analysis
combining results of different studies that examine the same topic
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polygenic transmission
a number of gene pairs combine their influences to create a single phenotypic trait
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behavior genetics
how heredity and environmental factors influence psychological characteristics
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concordance
trait similarity
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heritability statistic
estimates the extent to which the differences, or variation, in a specific phentotypic characteristic within a group of people can be attributed to their differing genes
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adaptive significance
how behavior influences an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its natural environment
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fixed action pattern
unlearned response automatically triggered by a particular stimulus
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evocative influence
that a child's genetically influenced behaviors may evoke certain responses from others
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strategic pluralism
multiple behavioral strategies might be adaptive in certain environments and would therefore be maintained through natural selection
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