The flashcards below were created by user
vanwin
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Sprain vs strain
- sprain: twisting of muscles
- strain: pulling/ excessive stretching of muscles
-
Avulsion fracture
severe sprain -> torn ligament pulls bown loose from joint
-
sprain/strain manifestation
localized pain & edema
mild sprain/strain = self limitting, heals within 3 - 6 wks
-
Contusion
localized swelling, discoloration & pain
no skin break
-
Acute sprain & strain management
- Rest
- Ice; 20-30 on, 10 - 15 off
- Compressio
- Elevation; above heart
- NSAIDs
- heat after 24 - 48hrs
-
subluxation vs dislocation
- sublux: incomplete joint dislocation
- dislocate: fully out
-
subluxation & dislocation management
identify & realign
-
subluxation & dislocation increases risks of
avascular necrosis
-
carpal tunnel syndrome patho & incidence
patho: occulsion of median nerve in harnd
incidence: women, DM, hypothyroidism, activities requiring continuous wrist movements
-
Tinel's vs Phalen's sign
Tinel's: tapping of median nerve on hand; positive = tingling sensation
Phalen's 
-
Fracture classifications (6)
- transverse
- oblique
- spiral
- greenstick
- comminute
- pathologic
-
initian fracture treatment
immobilize position
-
emergencies with fractures priorities
- ABC's
- immobilize
- stabilize bleeding
- elevate
-
cephalosporin nursing considerations
*nephrotoxic - monitor BUN (10-30) & creatine (.8 - 1.2)
-
Neurovascular & neurologic assessment
- pulse
- temperature
- cap refill
- sensation
- color
- pain
-
goals of fracture treatment
- mobility
- anatomical alignment
- restoration
-
ORIF adv & disadvantages
adv: promotes healing, early ambulation
disadv: open surgery, risk of infections
-
External fixation
- follows open reduction
- *pin care
-
Traction
apply pulling force on a fractured extremity & counter traction pulls it in the opposite direction
-
Types of traction
- Skin: temporary; temporary stabilization until open reduction
- Skeletal: pin care!
-
patient with cast teaching
Do not: wet cast, scratch beneath, bear weight first 24 - 72 hrs, handle with palms first three days, cover for prolonged time
Do: raise above heart level, ice but do not get wet, move extremeties & report signs of infection
-
compartment syndrome manifestation
- Pain
- Pallor
- Pulselessness
- Pressure
- Parasthesia
- Paralysis
-
Compartment Syndrome complications (3)
- ATN & AKI
- volkman's contracture (claw hand)
- necrosis
-
Compartment Syndrome Treatment (4)
- Do not: elevate, ice, put in dependent position
- remove cast
- loosen bandage
- surgical decompression
-
fasciotomy
surgical decompression for compartment syndrome; cut through skin into fascia
*risk of infection, transparent dressing
-
Venous thrombosis prophylaxis
- Meds: coumadin/warfarin, arixtra, lovenox, aspirin ( adult dose)
- SCD
- Compression stockings
- teach to flex extremities
-
fat embolism syndrome manifestations as compared to DVT's
petechiae of neck, axilae & conjunctiva
change in LOC
-
Colle's fracture
of wrist when patient attempts to break fall with hand
-
Colle's fracture treatment
closed reduction with splint/cast
severe: Open reduction
-
Pelvic fracture manifestation (3)
- pain
- abnormal movement of hip
- abd bruising
-
Hip fracture manifestation (4)
- external rotation
- shorten extremity
- muscle spasm
- pain & tenderness
-
Hip fracture treatment
- buck's traction until stabilized
- surgery asap
-
Hip fracture post op patient teaching
- do not flex hip
- - sit down on low seat/comode
- - bend over
- - cross legs
- - weight bearing on affected side
-
Mandibular fracture post op care
- airway
- pain
- communication
- oral hygiene
- nutrition
-
Mandibular fracture post op nutrition & oral hygiene
- fluids
- flush with warm water, NS, non acidic mouthwash after meal
- inspect mouth for residue & remove
- *suction & scissors @ bedside
- *scissors with pt at all times
-
Amputation post op care
- do not flex hip - risk of contracture
- - do not sit with raised leg for longer than 1hr
- - do not elevate with more than 1 pillow
- lay on abd 30mins 3-4x a day
-
osteomyelitis
infection of bone, bone marrow, & surrounding soft tissue
-
Acute osteomyelitis manifestations
- < month
- fever >101*F
- night sweats
- chills
- pain
- malaise
-
Chronic osteomyelitis manifestations
- longer than 1 month
- skin ulceration
- sinus formation under ulceration
- possible drainage
- increased pain
-
acute osteomyelitis treatment
IV antibiotics 4 - 6 wks or 3-6 months
- *mycin - nephrotoxic & ototoxic
- check peak & trough levels
- *hydrate patient
-
Chronic Osteomyelitis Treatment
- Cipro oral 6-8wks
- Remove necrotic tissue
- implanted antibiotic beads
- hyperbaric O2 chamber
- remove implanted ortho hardware
|
|