Prologue

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

The mind and body are separate, but interrelated. Founded by Socrates and Plato.

The mind (soul) and the body are inseparable. Founded by Aristotle.

The mind and body are separate, but the mind (soul) is able to survive death. Founded by Descartes.

Tabula rasa, blank slate, at birth, and experiences wrote on it.

The view that knowledge and intellect are acquired through experience, and thus, science should rely on observation and experimentation.

First psychology textbook and first psychology laboratory.

Introduced structuralism, which used introspection (self-reflection) to explore the elemental structure (atoms) of the mind.

Used introspection to explore the elemental structure (atoms) of the mind.

Focused on how mental and behavioral processes function to enable an organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. 

Did not get her PhD in psychology from Harvard because of her gender but became American Psychological Association's 1st female president.

The first woman to receive a psychology PhD from Harvard. Became the 2nd female APA president.

Defined psychology as "the science of mental life" and developed an influential theory of personality called psychoanalysis, emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind.

Defined psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"

A Russian physiologist who studied learning and behaviorism.

A Swiss biologist who studied child development.

Redefined psychology from the humanistic perspective, emphasizing environmental influences, our growth potential, and our need for love and acceptance.

Nature selects those that best enable the organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. Founded by Charles Darwin.

Studies of identical and fraternal twins suggest the importance of both nature and nurture.

How the body and brain enable emotions.

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes.

How much our genes and our environments influence our individual differences.

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

How we learn observable responses.

How we encode, precess, store and retrieve information.

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Aims to increase the scientific knowledge base (i.e. applies research to field of psychology)

Aims to solve more practical problems (i.e. applies research to other fields, like education of the law)

Explore the links between brain and mind.

Study changing abilities from womb to tomb (throughout our lifespan).

Study how we perceive, think, and solve problems.

Investigate our persistent traits.

Explore how we view and affect one another.

(PhD) Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges.

Studies and helps individuals in school and education settings.

Studies and advises on behavior in the workplace.

(M.D.) who uses treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically diseased patients.