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MeganM
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Normal range for digoxin.
.5-2
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Major concerns with pts taking HydroDIURIL (a thiazide diuretic).
- hypokalemia
- hyperglycemia
- hypercalcemia
- hyperlipidemia
- SULFA ALLERGY
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Two most common SE of cholestyramine (Questran).
- constipation
- bloating
- (avoid nicotinic acid (niacin) lowers lipid levels & can lead to liver abnormalities)
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How to decrease the SE of flushing & GI upset with nicotinic acid (Niacin), a med for hyperlipidemia.
- take aspirin or an NSAID 30 min B4 Niacin
- take with meals
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What are clay-colored stools a sign of?
hepatic dysfunction
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Something to teach pts about Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium), a med for lower UTIs.
- may tint urine reddish orange & can stain fabric
- take AFTER meals to reduce GI upset
- headache is occasional SE
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What is bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)?
- prescribed for urinary retention
- -increases pressure in urinary tract, so don't use with pts w/ obstruction or weakness of bladder (could rupture bladder)
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Signs of toxicity of Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine), med for urinary retention.
- bradycardiasalivation
- sweating
- incontinence
- severe hypotension
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Treatment for Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) overdose (med for urinary retention).
atropine sulfate SQ or IV
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What is oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan XL)?
- anticholinergic
- used to treat incontinence & frequent urination
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Signs of toxicity of oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan XL), an anticholinergic for incontinence & urinary frequency.
- CNS effects
- -hallucinations, irritability
- -nervousness, resltlessness
- -hypo or hypertension
- -tachycardia, resp depression
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*AE of CYCLOSPORINE (Sand immune), an immunosuppressant.
- *Nephrotoxicity
- --monitor BUN & Creatinine
- (also gingival hyperplasia, hepatotoxicity)
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Antidote for cholinergic crisis.
atropine sulfate
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Antidote for heparin.
protamine sulfate
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Why would edrophonium (Enlon) be used in a pt with myesthenia gravis?
- If they are increasingly weaker - to identify whether the pt is in cholinergic crisis or myasthenic crisis.
- -this drug would make the pt in cholinergic crisis temporarily worse (a negative test) An improvement of weakness would mean the pt was experiencing myasthenia gravis
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Therapeutic range of theophylline, acetaminophen, and pheytoin (Dilantin).
10-20 mcg/mL
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What should pts be told about pregnancy/birth control who are taking Dilantin?
it enhances estrogen metabolism which can decrease effectiveness of some birth control pills
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Two SE of etanercept (Enbrel).
- infection
- pancytopenia
- (*labs checked B4 & during treatment*)
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What type of drug is baclofen (Lioresal)?
CNS depressent
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How does Dantrium work?
- suppresses calcium release, which relieves muscle spasticity in skeletal muscle
- -prescribed for pts experiencing flexor spasms
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Most serious SE of dantrolene sodium (Dantrium), a med that reduces muscle spasticity.
- Dose-related liver damage
- (LFTs B4 & periodically throughout treatment)
- *administer in lowest effective dose for shortest time necessary*
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What is the concern of seizure pts receiving baclofen?
it may lower seizure threshold, so seizure meds may need to be increased
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Why should cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) be used with caution in pts with urinary retention or glaucoma?
- it has anticholinergic effects
- *also only used for short-term (2-3 wks) therapy*
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Why should the nurse monitor gait in a pt taking stavudine (d4t, Zerit)?
- It's an antiretroviral for HIV &
- can cause peripheral neuropathy
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Commen SE of therapy with zidovudine for AIDS.
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What would a significantly elevated serum amylase level indicate?
pancreatitis
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What can didanosine (Videx) cause?
- pancreatitis (monitor amylase)
- -may need to be discontinued in AIDS pts if amylase elevated too much
- liver failure
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Most "-cin" meds.
aminoglycosides
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Foscarnet is toxic to ______.
- the kidneys!
- -monitor creatinine B4, & 2-3x/week during therapy
- -also monitor Ca++, Mg++, PO4, & K+
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What is Saquinavir (Invirase)?
- protease inhibitor (PI), antiretroviral
- *take with high-calorie, high-fat meals
- *photosensitivity SE
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Ketaconazole (antifungal) teaching points.
- avoid alcohol
- avoid sun
- take WITH food
- avoid antacids 2 hrs after med
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Nevirapine (Viramune), a NRTI for HIV AE.
- rash, SJS
- hepatitis
- Increased transaminase levels
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What should be checked prior to administering clozapine (Clozaril), for schizophrenia, and also monitored closely during use of the med?
- WBCs
- (hematological rxns can occur)
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Most common AE of fluoxetine (Prozac).
CNS & GI dysfunction
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Therapeutic level of lithium.
.6-1.2
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What could happen to a pt who was taking Nardil and consumed tyramine-containing foods?
it could trigger a potentially fatal HTN crisis
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What is scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) used to treat?
- prevention of nausea & vomiting
- (anticholinergic)
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Oral iron can cause _____.
constipation
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AE of Lasix.
- tinnitus (ototox)
- hypotension
- hypokalemia
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Megestrol acetate (Megace) SE.
- thrombotic DO
- (caution if h/o thrombophlebitis)
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Lab value specifically noted as a result of massive cell destruction of a pt with leukemia or lymphoma.
increased uric acid
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What is the highest priority complication that can potentially affect clients managed with carbamazepine (Tegretol) therapy?
Myelosuppression
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Cholinesterase inhibitors work to increase the availability of _______ at cholinergic synapses, which aids in neuronal transmission and assists in memory formation.
- acetylcholine
- (Improves nerve impulse transmission)
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