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aneurysm
a bulge in an artery caused by weakening of the arterial wall. the weadening may be a congential defect or the result of atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, infection, trauma, or degenerative disease
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apex
the lowe left tip of the left ventricle of the heart; also, the rounded upper portion of each lung
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arrhythmia
an abnormal heartbeat; dysrhythmia
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arteriosclerosis
disease of the arteries characterized by loss of elasticity and hardening of the arterial walls
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atherosclerosis
a disease characterized by the buildup of cholesterol deposits in the arterial lining
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bradycardia
a slow heart rate, usually HR under 60 beats per minute
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cardiac cycle
the pumping action of the heart from one beat to the next
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cardioplegia
intentional stopping of the heart during cardiac surgery
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coarctation
a congenital narrowing of stricture in the descending thoracic aorta
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congenital
a condition present at birth
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cross-clamp
to place a clamp actoss a structure to occlude it
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diastole
the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract
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endovascular repair
endoscopic surgery of the vascular system
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fibrillation
uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle, which results in 'quivering' rather than pumping action. this results in pooling of blood
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fusiform aneurysm
a type of aneurysm that involves the entire circumference of a blood vessel
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heart lung machine
medical device used during cardiac bypass. systemic blood is shunted out of the body via cannulae, which are implanted in the heart. the device collects the blood, removes excess carbondioxide , oxygenates it, and returns it to the body through separate cannulae
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infarction
necrosis and death of tissue related to obstruction of blood flow
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ischemia
reduced blood supply to tissue.
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mediastinum
an enclosed cavity in the chest that contains the heart, large vessels, trachea, esophagus, and lymph nodes
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off-pump procedure
a procedure performed without a cardio-pulmonary bypass
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pacemaker
a device that stimulates the heart muscle to contract
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preclotting
the process of soaking a graft or patch of synthetic graft material in the patients blood or plasma before insertion.
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saccular aneurysm
a type of aneurysm in which a sacklike formation with a narrow neck projects from the side of the artery
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shunt
to bypass a structure or carry fluid from one anatomical location to another
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stenosis
narrowing of a hollow structure such as a blood vessle or duct
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sternotomy
an incision made into the sternum
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systole
the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filling with blood
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tachycardia
a fast heart rate; over 120 beats per minute
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thoracotomy
an incision made into the thoracic cavity
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