cardiac surgery

a bulge in an artery caused by weakening of the arterial wall. the weadening may be a congential defect or the result of atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, infection, trauma, or degenerative disease

the lowe left tip of the left ventricle of the heart; also, the rounded upper portion of each lung

an abnormal heartbeat; dysrhythmia

disease of the arteries characterized by loss of elasticity and hardening of the arterial walls

a disease characterized by the buildup of cholesterol deposits in the arterial lining

a slow heart rate, usually HR under 60 beats per minute

the pumping action of the heart from one beat to the next

intentional stopping of the heart during cardiac surgery

a congenital narrowing of stricture in the descending thoracic aorta

a condition present at birth

to place a clamp actoss a structure to occlude it

the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract

endoscopic surgery of the vascular system

uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle, which results in 'quivering' rather than pumping action. this results in pooling of blood

a type of aneurysm that involves the entire circumference of a blood vessel

medical device used during cardiac bypass. systemic blood is shunted out of the body via cannulae, which are implanted in the heart. the device collects the blood, removes excess carbondioxide , oxygenates it, and returns it to the body through separate cannulae

necrosis and death of tissue related to obstruction of blood flow

reduced blood supply to tissue.

an enclosed cavity in the chest that contains the heart, large vessels, trachea, esophagus, and lymph nodes

a procedure performed without a cardio-pulmonary bypass

a device that stimulates the heart muscle to contract

the process of soaking a graft or patch of synthetic graft material in the patients blood or plasma before insertion.

a type of aneurysm in which a sacklike formation with a narrow neck projects from the side of the artery

to bypass a structure or carry fluid from one anatomical location to another

narrowing of a hollow structure such as a blood vessle or duct

an incision made into the sternum

the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filling with blood

a fast heart rate; over 120 beats per minute

an incision made into the thoracic cavity