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listening
the process of receiving, constructing, meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages.
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hearing
a physiological process that occurs when sound waves are translated into electrical impulses then processed my the central nervous system.
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attention
the process of selectively focusing on certain events in the environment
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structure
putting pictures and sounds into words
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stability
what you can view a situation from multiple points of view without becoming disoriented
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meaning
when you can identify characters and guess what will happen next
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schemata
identify and organize incoming information
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person prototypes
idealized representations of a certain kind of person
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personal constructs
characteristics that we notice on a daily basis about others
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chronically accessible constructs
constructs that are important to us and that we frequently use, regardless of circumstances.
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cognitive complexity
occurs when in individual has a large, rich, and varied set of personal constructs.
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scripts
interpret sequence of events and tells us what comes next
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schematic default options
- details that are supplied when actual info is missing
- all schema have them
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mindless (automatic) processing
when we rely on old routines and mental habits to give us info about the world
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mindful processing
- a state of alert and lively awareness.
- actively thinking about the world
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perception check
is a response that allows you to state you interpretation and ask your partner weather or not that interpretation was correct.
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God and Devil terms
- God terms are so positive they go unchallenged
- Devil terms express negative values and repel the listener
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description
observation of a state of affairs
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inference
a personal interpretation of the meaning behind the behavior being described.
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evaluation
adding positive or negative judgememnt
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active listening
- responding in a way that lets the speaker know you are listening
- nodding head, eye contact, "mhm"s ect.
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paraphrasing
repeating the sender's message in our own words
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false memory
memory is faulty. Sometimes we can't remember things that happened and sometimes we remember things that never happened.
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retroactive inhibition
- when new learning interferes with earlier stored material.
- remember PORN acronym.
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cognitive response theorists
point out that people accept messages not on the basis of what the speaker says but on the basis of their own responses to the speaker's message.
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