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tflores
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Atopy
Predisposition to become IgE-sensitized
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Conditions associated with atopy
asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, autoimmune disease
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hygiene hypothesis
lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms and parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases
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Hygiene hypothesis - development
why hay fever and eczema less common in children in large families
why allergies more common in developed societies
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Helminthic Therapy
Inoculation of patient with specific parasitic intestinal nematode (helminth)
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IL-4, IL-13
Stimulates and amplifies Th2-cell response
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IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF
Promote eosinophil production and activation
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TNF-α
- Pro - Inflammatory
- Stimulates cytokine production
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Histamine effects 1
Dilates post capillary venules (site of extravasation of blood cells)
Increase blood flow and vessel permeability
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Histamine effects 2
Activates endothelium
Produces inflammation
Intestinal/smooth muscle contraction
Increased mucus secretion
Enhance Th1 proliferation
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Secondary Mediators
more prolonged and pronounced effects,
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
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leukotrienes
mediate bronchoconstriction
increase vascular permeability
increase mucus production
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Prostaglandins
induce vasodilation
induce bronchoconstriction
induce platelet aggregation
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Type I Hypersensitivity
IgE mediated
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Type II Hypersensitivity
IgG mediated
Cell associated antigen
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Examples of Type II Hypersensitivity
- Hemolytic Anemia
- (1) Transfusion Reactions
- (2) Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
- (3) Drug induced hemolytic anemia
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HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)
or
Erythroblastosis Fatalis
- Mother = Rh -
- 1st Baby = Rh+ -> induces Anti-Rh IgM production in the mother
2nd Baby = Rh+, memory cells attack fetal blood cells resulting in anemia in baby
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