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surprise
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What organ makes insulin?
pancreas
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What metabolic state does insulin trigger? What does insulin do?
absorptive (fed). Insulin lowers blood by promoting sugar to be taken in and used.
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Most of glucose is absorbed during which state?
absorption state
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Most of fats are oxidized during which state?
post absorptive state
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Glucose is oxidized by the brain in which state?
BOTH absorptive & post absorptive
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What is the function of chylomicrons?
AKA packages of triglycerides
they carry triglycerides from the intestine (via lymphatics) to the adipose & muscle
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What does essential amino acid mean?
cannot be made by the body, so it must come from the diet
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The liver makes?
- -Makes amino acids
- -Carbohydrate metabolism:
- Gluconeogenesis- the synthesis of glucose from certain amino acids, lactate or glycerol
- Glycogenolysis- the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
- Glycogenesis- the formation of glycogen from glucose (muscle tissues can also do this)
- -Protein metabolism, synthesis as well as degradation.
- -Cholesterol synthesis (A bulk of the lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver)
- -Coagulation factors
- -Produces and excretes bile
- -Serum Albumin
- -Angiotensinogen
(a hormone that is responsible for raising the blood pressure when activated by renin, an enzyme that is released when the kidney senses low blood pressure)
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The liver stores?
- vitamins (A, D, B12, K)
- iron
- glucose (in form of glycogen)
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Liver functions:
Ketones are made from?
fatty acids
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Glucose can be made from ______ if glucose is not readily available
AMINO ACIDS
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Vitamin A - retinol
photorecptors (eyes), epithelial integrity, lysosome stability
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Vitamin D
- calcium (& phosphorus) absorption
- source: sun rays
- deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia
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Vitamin E
- antioxidant
- free radical scavenger
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Vitamin K
- coagulation, prothrombin formation
- source: intestinal flora
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B12
- regenerates folic acid
- metabolic reactions essential to brain,
- - found in animal products, therefore vegans beware!
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Vitamin c
collagen formation
deficiency: scury
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What is the number of calories needed to survive?
2,000
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What decreases BMR (basal metabolic rate)
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What organ controls body temp?
hypothalamus
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If body is cold, how does it increase temperature?
None of the above
(NOT by sweating, reduced muscle tone, increased surface blood flow)
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SO WHEN you have a fever, the hypothalamus does what?
HYpothalamus MAINTAINS HEAT
pyrogens reset the "normal", and hypothalamus RAISES the temperature
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