comp 2

Rear Area Security responsibilities.

• (1)Defense of LCE and ACE Facilities. The local commander is
• responsible for the defense of his unit or facility. Initial Level I
• response is from the unit’s individual Marines. As the threat
• becomes more severe, requiring a Level II response, military police
• and provisional security forces are called upon to frustrate the
• enemy’s attempt to disrupt LCE/ACE operations.
• (2)Security of MSRs/LOCs. The military police (MP) are
• responsible for the primary RAS mission of providing security for the
• MSRs/LOCs. MPs continuously move throughout the MAGTF rear area
• conducting foot and motor patrols to ensure the safe passage of
• personnel and supplies. MPs can conduct hasty reconnaissance, seek
• new or alternate routes, and serve as an important
• intelligence-gathering source. The military police will coordinate
• all RAS missions through the RAOC. The provisional security forces
• provide additional sources for MSR/LOC security. They can be attached
• to the military police or remain under the operational control of the
• RAOC.
• (3)Security of Areas Outside LCE/ACE Facilities and Areas Away
• from MSRs/LOCs. The RASC is responsible for deciding the security
• of additional areas that are vital to the defense of the MAGTF rear
• area. These areas can include key terrain, avenues of approach, choke
• points, possible enemy assembly areas, drop/landing zones, or a
• combination of any of these. The RASC may decide to patrol these
• areas or set up listening post/observation LPs/OPs. Elements of the
• provisional security forces can best accomplish this type of mission.
• The provisional helicopter-borne security company is specifically
• suited for this assignment because of its inherent speed and
• mobility. Coordination between LCE and ACE RAOCs is imperative to
• avoid duplication of effort and potential fire support coordination
• problems.
• (4)Air Defense. Air defense is defined as all defensive
• measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in
• the earth’s envelope of atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the
• effectiveness of such attacks. In the MAGTF rear area, the ACE
• commander is responsible for designating air defense sectors.
• (5)GCE
• Elements. Rear area units may have ground
• combat elements available to augment security forces. These units
• should be assigned an RAS mission only when the MAGTF mission becomes
• jeopardized, and are responsible for countering a
• Level III threat. They might include units held
• in reserve and reaction forces.

• Security measures can be identified as either passive or active.
• a.Passive Security measures.
• (1)Use camouflage, dispersion, and natural cover.
• (2)Harden installations.
• (3)Establish deception measures as dummy installations.
• (4)Position rear area units to be mutually supportive.
• (5)Establish redundant facilities to preclude MAGTF support
• capabilities from being rendered ineffective should the primary facility be destroyed.

• b.Active Security Measures.
• (1)Train Marines in basic infantry skills to include air-defense techniques.
• (2)Organize units for defensive operations.
• (3)Equip support elements with weapons and munitions required for local defense.
• (4)Use patrolling, OPs/LPs, and other local security techniques.
• (5)Provide security for convoys.
• (6) Position air defense units in depth.
• (7)Establish liaison with fire support, coordinate agencies, and train personnel in procedures.
• (8)Establish and coordinate security and security reaction forces.
• (9)Establish close air support and close-in fire support.
• (10)Establish defensive plans and positions to include local
• barriers and obstacles.

• The following ADC measures can be taken to enhance the ADC effort:
• a.Before The Incident.
• (1)Designate ADC responsibilities.
• (2)Disperse and harden facilities.
• (3)Establish ADC priorities and assess unit vulnerabilities.
• (4)Prepare,coordinate, and rehearse ADC plans.
• (5)Establish communications and warning procedures.
• (6)Designate alternate operational sites.
• (7)Maintain personnel rosters.
• (8)Identify emergency supplies.
• (9)Coordinate ADC assistance from other units.
• (10)Coordinate ADC assistance from host nation.

• b.During And After Incident.
• (1)Assess damage, isolate danger areas, and provide updates to the ROAC.
• (2)Prevent and fight fires.
• (3)Administer medical aid and evacuate casualties.
• (4)Restore mission essential operations.
• (5)Reestablish communications.
• (6)Remove and dispose of unexploded ordnance.
• (7)Conduct NBC survey/decontamination as required.
• (8)Clear rubble and debris.
• (9)Distribute emergency supplies.

• The five key functional benefits that result from planning are:
• Coordinating actions
• Shared situational awareness (SA)
• Expectations of how actions might evolve and their effects are common throughout
• Stimulation of initiative and creativity
• Thought processes of the planners are shaped

• SingleBattle Concept.
• In order to assist the commander in planning and decentralized execution, it is,conceptually, divided into deep, close, and rear.
• The Commander’s intent ensures unity of effort by fighting the single battle.
• The single battle concept allows the commander to focus the efforts of all elements of the force to accomplish the mission.

• It's the 2nd stage of Mission Analysis: (The process stage)
• Stand up the RedCell (The red cell plays the enemy during the war-gaming step.
• The red cell is a task- organized element under the staff cognizance of the G/S-2.
• It presents a “thinking” enemy that uses threat doctrine and operational experience to react
• to friendly threats and dispositions in order to test friendly COA’s during war-gaming.

• Transition:
• is the final step of the process and its purpose is to shift from planning to execution.
• It allows the MSC’s and current operations to build situational awareness based on what the higher
• headquarters and future operations have planned.

• The following are some but not all references which apply to land warfare:
• 1.FM 27-10 is the most utilized manual for researching Law of Land Warfare.
• 2.The Handbook on the Law of War for Armed Forces .
• 3.Department of the Army Pamphlet 27-200
• 4.MCRP 4-11.8B, War Crimes Investigations. Helps Marines determine when specific actions violate the laws of war.
• 5.The Rules of War was written in1914, MCRP 5-12.1A is a dual publication of FM 27-10.

• The two basic principles of Law of Land Warfare are listed below:
• a. ProhibitoryEffect.
• The law of war places limits on the exercise of a belligerent’s power in the interests mentioned in the purposes for the Law of Land Warfare.
• It requires that belligerents refrain from employing any kind or degree of violence which is not actually necessary for military purposes and they conduct hostilities with regard for the principles of humanity and chivalry.

• b.Binding on States and Individuals.
• The law of war is binding not only upon States as such but also upon individuals and, in particular, the members of their armed forces.

The Law of Land Warfare is derived from two principal sources:

• a.Lawmaking Treaties (or Conventions), such as the Hague and Geneva Conventions.
• b.Custom. Although some of the laws of war has not been incorporated in any treaty or convention to which the United States is a party, this body of unwritten or customary law is firmly established by the custom of nations and well defined by recognized authorities on international law.

• - Protect combatants and non combatants from unnecessary suffering
• -Safeguard of certain fundamental rights of persons who fall into the head of the enemy
• -Facilitate the restoration of peace

• is to regulate war by written and unwritten laws to diminish the evils of war:
• This is accomplished by three means:
• 1.Protecting both combatants and noncombatants from unnecessary suffering.
• 2.The safeguarding of certain fundamental human rights of persons who fall into the hands of the
• enemy, particularly prisoners of war, the wounded, sick, and civilians.
• 3.Facilitating the restoration of peace.

• - Subordinates are aware of their obligations
• -Act in case of a breach
• -Necessary measures are taken to prevent violations of the law of war
• -Failure to act when under a duty to do so (i.e. comanders held responsible for war crimes of subordinates)

• His subordinates are aware of their obligations under the law of war.
• The necessary measures are taken to prevent violations of the law of war.
• The commander himself must ensure that his subordinates respect the law of war.
• The commander must ensure that in case of breach of the law of war,The breach ceases.
• Disciplinary or penal action is taken.
• The commander’s responsibility extends to breaches of the law of war resulting from a failure to
• act when under a duty to do so.
• In some cases, military commanders may be held responsible for war crimes committed by subordinate members of the armed forces, or other persons subject to their control if they had actual knowledge, or should have knowledge that troops or other persons subject to their control are about to commit or have committed a war crime.

• In accordance with the Law of Land Warfare appropriate military commanders issue rules of engagement which tell subordinate officers and troops where, when, and what they
• can shoot.

• urban battlespace is divided into four basic levels: building,
• street, subterranean, and air.
• A. Building Level.
• Buildings provide cover and concealment; limit or increase fields of observation and fire; and canalize, restrict, or block movement of forces, especially mechanized forces.
• b. Street Level.
• While streets provide the means for rapid advance or withdrawal, forces moving along streets are often canalized by buildings and have little space for off-road maneuver.
• Because they are more difficult to
• bypass, obstacles on streets in urbanized areas are usually more
• effective than those on roads in open terrain.
• C.Subterranean Level.
• Subterranean systems are easily overlooked but can be important to the outcome of operations. These areas may be substantial and include subways, sewers, cellars, and utility systems
• D.Air Level.
• The air provides another avenue of approach in urbanized areas. Aviation
• assets can be used for high speed insertion or extraction of troops,
• supplies, and equipment.

• Barrier plans: Obstacles are positioned adjacent to buildings to stop tanks and delay infantry
• forces.
• Buildings in proximity to the defensive position that provide cover for enemy infantry movements or are suitable for weapons positions are destroyed, mined, booby trapped, filled with barbed
• wire, blocked at doors and windows, or a combination of all these measures.

• 1) Terrain limitations: Tracked vehicles, tanks and armored personnel carriers are limited in their ability to move effectively when confined to small spaces.
• 2) Weapons limitations: in a MOUT environment you must understand the capabilities and limitations.

• The priority of targets should be as follows:
• 1) Command and control vehicles
• 2) Ammunition vehicles
• 3) Fuel vehicles
• 4) Supply vehicles
• 5) Vehicles laden with troops

provide a responsive, mobile, modern, versatile engineer force to accomplish diverse task.

• attack helicopters
• motars (mast rapidly responsive)
• artillery
• naval gunfire
• fixed wing attack aircraft

• The two basic types of defenses are the position (also referred to
• as an area defense(position) and the mobile defense.

Extended, linear, and perimeter.

• securing isolated objectives
• (bridge, mountain pass, LZ, airfield, reserve position, assembly area, patrol base)

• -defensible terrain in forward portion of sector
• -taking advantage of a linear obstacle (river or ridgeline)
• -the enemy is mainly infantry
• -conducting a security mission (counter-infiltration)
• -when obstacles force the enemy to attack dismounted (from vehichles)
• -terrain is militarily or politically critical

• -strong mutual support between forward units
• -used for a wide area (suitable for rifle company and larger units)
• -interlocking fields of fire and observation
• -combat power is deployed well forward
• -fights from well prepared mutually supporting positions
• -high volume of direct and indirect fire
• -small reserve (used to reinforce forward units, add depth, block penetrations, and counterattacking to regain terrain)

used in cases where gaps exist between units, emphasis coordinated surveillance, timely exchange of information, coordinated fires, final protective fires, and patrolling

by withholding a reserve to be employed in blocking or counterattacking enemy penetrations and by centralizing control of supporting fires

• The platoon CP (command post) which is utilized to provide the best available observation of the platoons position.
• Usually located at or near the rifle squads position for local security
• To control and observe the most dangerous avenues of approach