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what is the process involved in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body’s fluid and the external environment
external respiration
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what is the absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide by cells in tissues
internal respiration
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what pressure has molecules bound around, normal Patm (atmospheric pressure)
gas (air)
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what of gas in air is relatively low as compare to liquid
density
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pressure exerted by has in a closed container is due to the number of collisions the gas molecules have with the container walls
gas (air)
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more collisons = more
pressure
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what is gas in a closed container at constant temperature
boyles law
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what law has pressure inversely proportional to volume, and volume goes up, pressure goes down, if we double the volume, pressure is halved
boyles
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movement of diaphragm and rib cage, to allow rib cage movement up and out, increase in volume =
decrease in pressure in thoracic cavity = decrease in pressure in lungs
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pressure in thoracic cavity
intrapleural pressure
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pressure in lungs (alveoli)
intrapulmonic pressure
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pressure gradient : high pressure to low pressure
direction of airflow
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pressure out (atm) = pressure in (lungs) ; no movement
airflow inhalation
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if make thoracic cavity and lungs bigger, pressure in lungs decrease, pressure in atm is > pressure in lungs
airflow inhalation
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airflow will go from higher pressure to lower pressure (outside body to inside)
airflow inhalation
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thoracic cavity and lungs volume decrease
airflow exhalation
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pressure in lungs increase, pressure in atm < pressure in lungs
airflow exhalation
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airflow will go from high pressure to lower pressure (inside body to outside)
airflow exhalation
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what primary muscle elevates ribs (25% of change in volume if cavity)
external intercostals
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what primary muscle is flatten floor of thoracic cavity (75% of change in volume in cavity)
diaphragm
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what are the accessory muscles involved in inspiratory muscles
sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectorals minor, serratus anterior
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what are the expiratory muscles
internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, and rectus abdominus
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what is volume measured in normal breathing
tidal volume
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what is the volumes measured and is the extra amount you can breath in past TV
inspiratory reserve volume
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what is the volume measured and is the extra amount you can breath out past TV
expiratory reserve volume
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what is the volume measured lefts in lungs after max exhale
residual volume
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what is the amount you can fill lungs with
inspiratory capacity
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what is the amount remaining in lungs after normal respiratory cycle
functional residual capacity
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what is the maximum volume you can move into or out of lungs in one respiratory cycle
vital capacity
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what is the total volume of lungs
total lung capacity
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adjust to meet oxygen demands of the body can change rate (breaths/min) and depth (volume) (tidal volume= Vt)
regulation of pulmonary ventilation
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what is the number of breaths/min (f) average adult: 14
respiration rate
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what is volume of air moved per minture
Ve = f x Vt (breath/min x volume/breath = volume/min)
respiratory minute volume
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how much air reaches alveoli per minute (gas exchange) and not all air reaches alveoli and is stuck in conducting zone "dead space" Vd
alveolar ventilation (Va)
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what is FEV1
forced expiratory volume in one second
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