The flashcards below were created by user
Dienekes
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Of seed plants, chamber inside which megaspores form and develop into female
gametophytes; after fertilization this chamber becomes a seed.
Ovules
-
Seed plant that produces “naked” seeds, which are not encased by a fruit.
Gymnosperms
-
Vascular tissue that distributes water and dissolved mineral ions.
Xylem
-
Fungus–plant root partnership.
Mycorrhiza
-
Animal that moves pollen from one plant to another, thus facilitating pollination.
Pollinators
-
Of seed plants, chamber in which microspores form and develop into male gametophytes (pollen grains).
Pollen sac
-
Secreted covering at a body surface.
Cuticle
-
Pollen-receiving part of a carpel.
Stigma
-
Cluster of spore-forming chambers on a fern frond.
Sori
-
Diploid spore-forming body that forms in a plant life cycle.
Sporophyte
-
Stem that grows horizontally along or just below the ground.
Rhizomes
-
Spore-producing heterotroph with cell walls of chitin that feeds by extracellular digestion and absorption.
Fungi
-
Male gametophyte of a seed plant.
Pollen grain
-
Composite organism consisting of a fungus and a single-celled photosynthetic alga or bacterium.
Lichens
-
Part of the stamen that contains pollen sacs.
Anther
-
Mature ovary tissue that encloses a seed or seeds.
Fruit
-
Multicelled, photosynthetic organism; develops from an embryo that forms on the parent and is nourished by it.
Plants
-
Lineage of angiosperms that includes grasses, orchids, and palms.
Monocots
-
Species interaction that benefits both species.
Mutualisms
-
Largest lineage of angiosperms; includes herbaceous plants, woody trees, and cacti.
Eudicots
-
Ovule-containing part of a flower.
Carpel
-
Cone-bearing gymnosperm such as a pine.
Conifers
-
Seed plant that produces flowers and fruits.
Angiosperms
-
A single filament in a fungal mycelium.
Hypha
-
Vascular tissue that distributes dissolved sugars.
Phloem
-
A plant that has xylem and phloem.
Vascular plants
-
Plant that grows on the trunk or branches of another plant but does not harm it.
Epiphytes
-
Of flowering plants, a floral chamber that holds one or more ovules.
Ovary
-
Compound that stiffens walls of some cells (including xylem) in vascular plants.
Lignin
-
Most diverse group of bryophytes (nonvascular plants). Low-growing plants with flagellated sperm disperse by producing spores.
Mosses
-
Elongated portion of a carpel that holds the stigma above the ovary.
Style
-
Haploid gamete-forming body that forms in a plant life cycle.
Gametophyte
-
Most diverse lineage of seedless vascular plants.
Ferns
-
Adjustable pores in a plant cuticle.
Stomata
-
Mass of threadlike filaments (hyphae) that make up the body of a multicelled fungus.
Mycelium
-
Member of an early evolving plant lineage that does not have vascular tissue; for example, a moss.
Bryophytes
-
In flowering plants, one sperm fertilizes the egg, forming the zygote, and another fertilizes a diploid cell, forming what will become endosperm.
Double fertilization
-
Delivery of pollen to female part of a plant.
Pollination
-
Lignin-stiffened secondary growth of some seed plants.
Wood
-
Increase in diameter of a plant part.
Secondary growth
-
In seed plants, a haploid cell that gives rise to a female gametophyte.
Megaspore
-
Nutritive tissue in an angiosperm seed.
Endosperm
-
Pollen-producing part of a flower. Consists of an anther that contains pollen sacs, atop a filament.
Stamens
-
In seed plants, a haploid cell that gives rise to a male gametophyte (pollen grain).
Microspores
-
Embryo sporophyte of a seed-bearing plant packaged with nutritive tissue inside a protective coat.
Seed
-
Specialized reproductive shoot of a flowering plant.
Flower
-
Wheat-stem rust spreads via
A. Bird vectors
B. Mammal vectors
C. Water
D. Insect vectors
E. Wind
E. Wind (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Wheat-stem rust is a(an)
A. Bacterium
B. Fungus
C. Archaea
D. Virus
E. Protist
B. Fungus (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which of the following stages in the plant life cycle is diploid?
A. Sporophyte
B. None of these
C. Spores
D. Gametophyte
E. Gametes
A. Sporophyte (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Gas exchange in land plants is facilitated by
A. Phloem
B. Stomata
C. Cuticle
D. Lignin
E. Xylem
B. Stomata (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which of the following is not true of mosses?
A. They lack vascular tissue.
B. They cannot reproduce sexually.
C. The sporophyte depends on the gametophyte.
D. There are about 14 000 species.
E. They have a haploid-dominant life cycle.
B. They cannot reproduce sexually. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which of the following are most closely related to vascular plants?
A. Red algae
B. Hornworts
C. Green algae
D. Liverworts
E. Mosses
B. Hornworts (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Ferns do not have
A. A gametophyte stage
B. Seeds
C. Lignin
D. A sporophyte stage
E. Vascular tissue
B. Seeds (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Coal is largely the remains of
A. Algae
B. Angiosperms
C. Conifers
D. Ferns
E. Club mosses
E. Club mosses (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
How many pollen grains are made in a pollen sac?
A. 3
B. 8
C. 2
D. 1
E. 4
E. 4 (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
The process of pollination leads to the production of a(an)
A. Microspore
B. Seed
C. Megaspore
D. Male gametophyte
E. Ovule
B. Seed (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which of the following is not true of gymnosperms?
A. Ginkgos are an example.
B. They make fruits.
C. They can be very old.
D. They can be very tall.
E. They have naked seeds.
B. They make fruits. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Conifers disperse their pollen via
A. None of these
B. Bird vectors
C. Insect vectors
D. Wind
E. Mammal vectors
D. Wind (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which of the following is a "male" flower part?
A. Style
B. Ovary
C. Stigma
D. Anther
E. Carpel
D. Anther (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which of the following is not a potential role of angiosperm fruits?
A. All these are potential roles of angiosperm fruits.
B. Enable passage through an animal's gut.
C. Stick to fur.
D. Ride on wind.
E. Float on water.
A. All these are potential roles of angiosperm fruits. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Fungi are not
A. Photosynthetic
B. Extracellular digesters
C. Heterotrophic
D. Bearers of chitin walls
E. Spore producers
A. Photosynthetic (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Psilocybin acts as a(an)
A. Hallucinogen
B. Fermentation enzyme
C. Food
D. Antibiotic
E. Alcohol-producing enzyme
A. Hallucinogen (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a
A. Algae and fungus
B. Plant and fungus
C. None of these
D. Cyanobacteria and fungus
E. Plant and algae
B. Plant and fungus (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Fungal infections are typically
A. Restricted to nervous tissue
B. In the digestive tract
C. Restricted to body surfaces
D. Systemic
E. In the blood
C. Restricted to body surfaces (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Gros Michel bananas were almost wiped out in the
A. 1980s
B. 1940s
C. 2000s
D. 1960s
E. 1920s
D. 1960s (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
The spread of disease in plants is not aided by
A. High-density planting.
B. Global trade.
C. Lack of genetic diversity.
D. Monoculture.
E. All these facilitate the spread of disease in plants.
E. All these facilitate the spread of disease in plants. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which of the following statements is not correct?
A. Ferns and angiosperms are vascular plants.
B. Mosses are nonvascular plants.
C. Only angiosperms produce fruits.
D. Gymnosperms were the earliest flowering plants.
D. Gymnosperms were the earliest flowering plants. (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Which does not apply to gymnosperms or angiosperms?
A. vascular tissues
B. diploid dominance
C. all of these
D. single spore type
D. single spore type (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Bryophytes have independent ___ and dependent ___.
a. sporophytes; gametophytes
b. gametophytes; sporophytes
b. gametophytes; sporophytes
-
Ferns are classified as ___ plants.
A. multicelled aquatic
B. nonvascular seed
C. seedless vascular
D. seed-bearing vascular
C. seedless vascular (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
The ___ produce flagellated sperm.
A. monocots
B. ferns and monocots
C. ferns
D. conifers
C. ferns (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
The ___ produced in the male cones of a conifer develop into pollen grains.
A. microspores
B. ovules
C. ovaries
D. megaspores
A. microspores (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
A seed is ___.
A. a female gametophyte
B. a mature pollen tube
C. a mature ovule
D. an immature spore
C. a mature ovule (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
All fungi ___.
A. all of these
B. are multicelled
C. form flagellated spores
D. are heterotrophs
D. are heterotrophs (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Fungal decomposers derive nutrients from ___.
A. living plants
B. living animals
C. photosynthesis
D. organic wastes and remains
D. organic wastes and remains (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
A mushroom is ___.
A. a reproductive structure that releases sexual spores
B. the food-absorbing part of a fungus
C. the only part of the fungal body not made of hyphae
D. the longest-lived part of the fungal life cycle
A. a reproductive structure that releases sexual spores (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Human fungal infections most commonly involve
A. the digestive system
B. the brain
C. body surfaces
D. the heart
C. body surfaces (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
A ___ is a composite organism composed of a fungus and a single-celled photosynthetic species.
A. mycorrhiza
B. lichen
C. ringworm
D. decomposer
B. lichen (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Cell walls of fungi are composed of ___.
A. cellulose
B. lignin
C. keratin
D. chitin
D. chitin (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Breaks down organic matter
A. Dikaryotic
B. Chytrid
C. Hypha
D. Mushroom
E. Mycelium
F. Decomposer
G. Yeast
F. Decomposer (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Single-celled fungus
A. Mushroom
B. Hypha
C. Dikaryotic
D. Decomposer
E. Chytrid
F. Mycelium
G. Yeast
G. Yeast (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Filament made of walled cells
A. Yeast
B. Mushroom
C. Mycelium
D. Dikaryotic
E. Chytrid
F. Decomposer
G. Hypha
G. Hypha (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Club fungus fruiting body
A. Mushroom
B. Hypha
C. Dikaryotic
D. Yeast
E. Decomposer
F. Chytrid
G. Mycelium
A. Mushroom (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Fungus with flagellated spores
A. Hypha
B. Yeast
C. Chytrid
D. Dikaryotic
E. Decomposer
F. Mycelium
G. Mushroom
C. Chytrid (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Mesh of fungal filaments
A. Hypha
B. Decomposer
C. Chytrid
D. Yeast
E. Mycelium
F. Mushroom
G. Dikaryotic
E. Mycelium (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Having two nuclei in a cell
A. Dikaryotic
B. Mushroom
C. Mycelium
D. Yeast
E. Chytrid
F. Decomposer
G. Hypha
A. Dikaryotic (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Decomposer
A. Fungus with flagellated spores
B. Having two nuclei in a cell
C. Filament made of walled cells
D. Breaks down organic matter
E. Mesh of fungal filaments
F. Club fungus fruiting body
G. Single-celled fungus
D. Breaks down organic matter (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Yeast
A. Fungus with flagellated spores
B. Filament made of walled cells
C. Having two nuclei in a cell
D. Single-celled fungus
E. Breaks down organic matter
F. Mesh of fungal filaments
G. Club fungus fruiting body
D. Single-celled fungus (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Mushroom
A. Single-celled fungus
B. Fungus with flagellated spores
C. Having two nuclei in a cell
D. Filament made of walled cells
E. Mesh of fungal filaments
F. Breaks down organic matter
G. Club fungus fruiting body
G. Club fungus fruiting body (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Chytrid
A. Single-celled fungus
B. Filament made of walled cells
C. Breaks down organic matter
D. Having two nuclei in a cell
E. Mesh of fungal filaments
F. Club fungus fruiting body
G. Fungus with flagellated spores
G. Fungus with flagellated spores (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Hypha
A. Breaks down organic matter
B. Mesh of fungal filaments
C. Fungus with flagellated spores
D. Club fungus fruiting body
E. Single-celled fungus
F. Filament made of walled cells
G. Having two nuclei in a cell
F. Filament made of walled cells (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Mycelium
A. Having two nuclei in a cell
B. Breaks down organic matter
C. Filament made of walled cells
D. Single-celled fungus
E. Club fungus fruiting body
F. Fungus with flagellated spores
G. Mesh of fungal filaments
G. Mesh of fungal filaments (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
Dikaryotic
A. Breaks down organic matter
B. Having two nuclei in a cell
C. Single-celled fungus
D. Filament made of walled cells
E. Fungus with flagellated spores
F. Club fungus fruiting body
G. Mesh of fungal filaments
B. Having two nuclei in a cell (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
gymnosperm
A. “naked” seeds
B. spore-producing body
C. seedless vascular plant
D. nonvascular land plant
E. gamete-producing body
F. help control water loss
A. “naked” seeds (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
gymnosperm
sporophyte
horsetail
bryophyte
gametophyte
stomata
A. nonvascular land plant
B. gamete-producing body
C. spore-producing body
D. help control water loss
E. “naked” seeds
F. seedless vascular plant
C. spore-producing body (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
horsetail
A. “naked” seeds
B. gamete-producing body
C. seedless vascular plant
D. spore-producing body
E. nonvascular land plant
F. help control water loss
C. seedless vascular plant (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
bryophyte
A. help control water loss
B. spore-producing body
C. gamete-producing body
D. seedless vascular plant
E. nonvascular land plant
F. “naked” seeds
E. nonvascular land plant (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
gametophyte
A. help control water loss
B. seedless vascular plant
C. nonvascular land plant
D. spore-producing body
E. “naked” seeds
F. gamete-producing body
F. gamete-producing body (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
stomata
A. spore-producing body
B. gamete-producing body
C. nonvascular land plant
D. seedless vascular plant
E. “naked” seeds
F. help control water loss
F. help control water loss (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
“naked” seeds
A. gametophyte
B. sporophyte
C. bryophyte
D. stomata
E. gymnosperm
F. horsetail
E. gymnosperm (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
spore-producing body
A. horsetail
B. stomata
C. gymnosperm
D. gametophyte
E. sporophyte
F. bryophyte
E. sporophyte (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
seedless vascular plant
A. gymnosperm
B. stomata
C. bryophyte
D. sporophyte
E. gametophyte
F. horsetail
F. horsetail (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
nonvascular land plant
A. sporophyte
B. gametophyte
C. horsetail
D. gymnosperm
E. stomata
F. bryophyte
F. bryophyte (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
gamete-producing body
A. stomata
B. horsetail
C. gymnosperm
D. gametophyte
E. bryophyte
F. sporophyte
D. gametophyte (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
-
help control water loss
A. gametophyte
B. gymnosperm
C. bryophyte
D. horsetail
E. sporophyte
F. stomata
F. stomata (this multiple choice question has been scrambled)
|
|