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Class
Calcium channel blocker
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Mechanism of action
Inhibits movement of calcium ions across cell membranes; calcium channel blocker, arterial and venous vasdilator; reduce preload and afterload; prevents coronary artery spasm and decreases total peripheral resistance; reduces myocardial oxygen demand; does not prolong AV nodal conduction.
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Indications
Hypertensive crisis, angina pectoris, pulmonary edema (investigational)
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Contraindications
Compensatory hypertension, hypotension, hypersensitivity.
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Adverse reactions
Hypotension, CHF, headche, dizzness, lightheadedness, facial flushing, heat sensation, weakness, nausea, muscle cramps, mood changes, peripheral edema myocardial infarction.
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Drug interactions
Beta blockers may potentiate effects. Effects of theophyllinemay be increased. Antihypertensives may potentiate hypotensive effects.
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How supplied
Soft gelatin capsules, 10-20 mg. Extended-release tablets, 30, 60, 90 mg
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Dosage and administration
Adult: 10mg SL or buccal (puncture end of capsule with needle and squeeze; may administer SL or buccally or may have patient bite and swallow); may repeat in 30 minutes. Pediatric: Not recommended
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Duration of action
Onset: 15-30 minutes. Peak effect: 1-3 hours. Durations: 6-8 hours.
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Special considerations
Pregnancy safety: Catergory C. Does not slow AV nodal activity. Have beta blocker available for control of reflex tachcardia. Use with caution in geriatric population; hypotension and angina pectoris may occur.
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