-
Homo floresiensis ?
- 18K yrs BP
- Flores island
- Cerebral rubicon RIP
- Tool technology
- Low predation
- Caloric reduction
-
What happened to Homo erectus?
- Hypotheses:
- Went extinct without issue
- Gave rise to modern H. sapiens (multiregionalism)
- Gave rise to modern H. sapiens (single origin)
- Common ancestor to modern humans, Neanderthals
- Only gave rise to Neanderthals
- Gave rise to Archaic Homo sapiens
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Archaic Homo sapiens or Homo heidelbergensis ?
- Middle Pleistocene (700,000 200,000 yrs BP)
- Taxonomic muddle: How many species?
- Clearly distinct from Homo erectus
- Clearly distinct from modern Homo sapiens
- Lacking Neanderthal specializations
-
Homo heidelbergensis ?
- Named 1907
- Primitive jaw
- Small (derived) molars
- 500,000 years old
-
Mauer Jaw (W. Germany) ?
- Homo heidelbergensis
- Arago 21
- (France) 450 Ka
- Kabwe
- (Zambia) 125 300 Ka
- Petralona
- (Greece)
- 150 350 Ka
- Bodo
- (Ethiopia) 600 Ka
-
True or false: Classification as Archaic Homo sapiens makes no assumptions about number of species?
True
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Homo heidelbergensis Defined Relative to Asian Homo erectus?
- forehead and rounded back of skull
- skull broadest higher up
- thinner skull bones, reduced musculature
- mandible and face reduced, smaller molars
- anywhere in the Old World is OK
- outside 800,000 200,000 years ago probably something else
-
H. heidelbergensis Culture?
- Hunting large game
- Lithics - bridge gap b/w Upper & Lower Paleolithic
- No associated art found
-
Homo antecessor to H. heidelbergensis?
- Ma - Atapuerca, Spain
- Reduced teeth & jaws relative to H. erectus
- 800,000 BP - Atapuerca, Spain
- Canine fossa
-
Canine Fossa?
- indentation in the maxilla above the root of the canine
- associated with modern people, rare in H. heidelbergensis
-
The Genus Homo Lumpers ?
- H. habilis
- H. rudolfensis
- H. ergaster
- H. erectus
- H. floresiensis
- H. antecessor
- H. heidelbergensis
- H. neanderthalensis
- H. sapiens
- H. habilis
- H. erectus
- H. sapiens
-
Homo neanderthalensis?
- 200 - 30 Ka
- robust skeleton
- cold-adapted
- Europe and Near East
- significant temporal and regional variation Mousterian tool industry
-
La Chapelle-aux-Saints ?
- Correze, France
- Excavated 1908-1911
- 50 Ka
- Old man of La Chapelle
-
Marcellin Boule (1861-1942) ?
Homo neanderthalensis = dead end inferior to Homo sapiens
-
Neanderthal Craniofacial Anatomy ?
- Large, arching browridges
- Big nose
- Puffy midface
- No chin
- Retromolar gap
-
Neanderthal Craniofacial Anatomy ?
- Large Cranial Capacity
- Low forehead
- Occipital bun
- Projecting midface
-
Neanderthal Postcranial Anatomy ?
- Clavicle
- Ribcage
- Jointsize
- Pubis
- Distal limbs
- Teshik-Tash
-
Latest Neanderthal and earliest Homo sapiens sites in Europe?
- 60 kya
- 60 kya
- 110 kya
- 25 kya
-
Neanderthal Culture ?
- Cultural adaptations to cold
- Ritual (cave bear cult)?
- Burial artifacts (?)
- Care for the vulnerable
- Interpersonal violence (?)
-
Mousterian Industry ?
- Advanced Levallois technique
- core trimmed around edges to produce disk shape
- large flakes shaped into specialized tools
- Chatelperronian tools from Laussel, France
- Association with neanderthal remains
- similarities to Upper Paleolithic
- Hybrid boy
- Abrigo do Lagar Velho, Portugal 25-24 kya
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Neanderthals last stand?
Zafarraya, S. Spain Mousterian assemblages ~27 kya
-
DNA from Neanderthals?
- Differences in sequence from modern human samples
- Common ancestor of Neanderthals and modern humans = 365-853 kyr
-
Scaled divergence (Green et al. 2010) ?
- ALL non-Africans have 2-5% Neanderthal DNA This could mean
- non-Africans + Neanderthals a clade (!) 2. Neanderthal gene flow into non-Africans
- Introgression from 37,000 86,000 years ago
-
Most Melanesian people carry _____DNA?
Denisovan
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