-
Cells in other organs, such as the lungs and kidneys, can survive for almost:
an hour.
-
Skeletal muscle cells may survive for __ hours in a state of inadequate perfusion.
2
-
The right side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the ____.
veins
-
The left side of the heart supplies oxygen-rich blood to the ____ (which carry it throughout the body).
arteries
-
-The brain and spinal cord may last _ to _ minutes without perfusion.
-Kidneys may survive __ minutes.
-Skeletal muscles may last _ hours.
-The gastrointestinal tract can tolerate slightly longer periods of inadequate perfusion.
-
The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than __% of blood volume.
20
-
The typical adult has approximately __ mL of blood per kilogram of body weight.
70
-
Significant changes in vital signs may occur if the typical adult loses more than:
1 L (about 2 pints) of blood.
-
Effect of blood loss on heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure:
- Increase in heart rate
- Increase in respiratory rate
- Decrease in blood pressure
-
Use mnemonic DCAP-BTLS to assess for signs of injury:
- Deformities
- Contusions
- Abrasions
- Punctures/penetrations
- Burns
- Tenderness
- Lacerations
- Swelling
-
Most common symptom of internal bleeding:
pain
-
-
A mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin
Hematoma
-
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
-
Hematemesis
vomited blood
-
Melena
black, foul-smelling, tarry stool with digested blood
-
Hemoptysis
bright red blood that is coughed up
-
A systolic blood pressure of less than ___ mm Hg with a weak, rapid pulse should suggest the presence of hypoperfusion.
100
-
Hold uninterrupted pressure for at least _ minutes.
5
-
Elevate a bleeding extremity by as little as _" while applying direct pressure.
6
-
-
Do not attempt to stop blood flow from a ____ injury.
- head
- Applying excessive pressure to the injury may force the blood leaking through the ear or nose to collect within the head.
- This could increase the pressure on the brain and possibly cause permanent damage.
-
If bleeding from the nose is present and a skull fracture is not suspected, pinch both nostrils together for __ minutes.
15
-
The following are all indications for applying the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) EXCEPT:
A. control of massive soft-tissue bleeding in the lower extremities.
B. control of internal bleeding associated with pelvic fractures.
C. control of massive bleeding in a pregnant woman.
D. stabilize fractures of the pelvis and femurs.
C. control of massive bleeding in a pregnant woman.
-
After taking standard precautions, the first step in treating a patient suffering from epistaxis is to:
A. apply direct pressure.
B. apply ice.
C. help the patient sit forward.
D. transport the patient.
C. help the patient sit forward.
-
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
A. 1 L
B. 250 mL
C. 2 L
D. 500 mL
A. 1 L
-
If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
A. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
B. digital pressure to a proximal artery.
C. additional sterile dressings.
D. a splint and elevate the extremity.
A. a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
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