Ch.5

• 1. Bones
• 2. Joints
• 3. Cartilage
• 4. Ligaments

It has 2 subdivisions

• 1. Axial
• 2. Appendicular

• 1. Support 
• 2. Protection
• 3. Movement
• 4. Storage (Calcium, Phosphorus, Fat)
• 5. Blood Cells (red bone marrow)

It has 206 bones

• 1. Compact Bone
•     -Solid
• 2. Spongy Bone
•     -Open Spaces

• -longer than they are wide
• -have a shaft with heads at both ends 
• -composed mostly of compact bone

• -cube shaped
• -composed mostly of spongy bone

• -thin, flattened, and usually curved
• -one layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Bones that don't fit into the other bone categories

• Location: The shaft of the bone
• Type of bone: Compact bone

• Location: the ends of the long bone
• Type of bone: Spongy bone

• Location: outer covering of bone
• Type of tissue: connective tissue

• Location: In the joints
• Type of tissue: Hyaline
• Function: Cushioning 

A thin plate of cartilage where bone grows in children

The end of the cartilage from the epiphyseal plate, found in adults

• Location: the middle of the bone
• Type of marrow:
•     -Red marrow (child)
•     -Yellow marrow (adult)

A place where muscle attaches

A place that holds body organs

A pathway for nerves and blood vessels

-In embryos most is made out of cartilage and some membranes with dense connective tissue

-During development bone starts to replace cartilage (ossified)

- Some cartilage remains 

- Growth in length stops when Epiphyseal plate is gone

-Bones are remodeled by dissolving old bone and putting new bone in its place

-Blood calcium levels and gravitational effects affect bone remodeling

They make bone tissue

They destroy bone tissue

Are mature bone cells

• -A bone fracture that doesn't penetrate skin
• -Also know as a simple fracture

-A bone fracture that penetrates skin 

-Also know as compound fracture

• 1. Blood filled swelling (hematoma) is formed 
• 2. The fracture is splinted by a fibrocartilage callus
• 3. The fibrocartilage callus is replaced by bony callus
• 4. Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch

• 1. Skull
• 2. Thoracic cage
• 3. Vertebral Column

• 1. Upper and Lower Limbs or Appendages 
• 2. Pectoral Girdle
• 3. Pelvic Girdle

• 1. Cranium
• 2. Facial Bones

• 1.Frontal
• 2. Parietal 
• 3. Temporal
• 4. Occipital

• 1. Maxilla 
• 2. Mandible
• 3. Nasal 
• 4. Zygomatic
• 5. Orbits

• -They're air filled cavities
• -Help lower skull weigh and amplify voive

-Movable base for the tongue

-Aids in swallowing and speech

• Fontanels: fibrous membrane connecting the cranial bones
•     -Allows the brain to grow
•     -Helps during birthing process
•     - Converts to bone within 24 months after birth