-
Enhancement of cell killing effects through the use of oxygen requires a cellular oxygen level of at least ________.
A. 3.0%
-
TRUE or FALSE: Sarcomas originate from mesenchymal tissue.
True
-
The least radiosensitive area of the GI tract is the:
D. Colon
-
At doses above 6000 cGy, the normal breast will undergo changes causing the formation of additional:
B. fibrotic tissue
-
The symptoms of acute radiation enteritis will typically appear at doses exceeding:
C. 3000 cGy
-
The approximate tumor dose of Hodgkin's disease is about:
C. 4000 cGy
-
During irradiation of the thorax, the tissue with the greatest susceptibility to radiation damage is the:
B. lung parenchyma
-
Vaginal cancers occur most commonly in the:
C. upper posterior wall
-
The reduction of normal pituitary function due to irradiation may result in:
1. hypothyroidism 2. hypopituitarism 3. hyperadrenalism
C. Hypothyroidism & Hypopituitarism
-
The Babinski and Hoffmann sign usually indicates a brain tumor occurring in the:
A. occipital region
-
A patient with Hodgkin's disease that has positive lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm would be classified as being in stage:
D. III
-
The perineal & inguinal nodes are most commonly involved in the metastatic spread for:
B. anal cancer
-
The most important lymph nodes involved with the spread of malignancies of the nasopharynx are the:
D. cervical
-
Breast, thyroid and kidney cancers are frequently associated with metastasis to the:
A. Lung
-
A tumor of the upper esophagus will most often spread into the lymph nodes of the:
C. mediastinum
-
The most common primary tumor of the osseous system is:
D. osteosarcoma
-
The most common malignancy in the head & neck region are carcinomas of the:
A. Larynx
-
The majority of lung tumors arise from the:
A. bronchi
-
A common site for metastatic spread from the liver is the:
1. stomach 2. lung 3. brain
C. Lung & Brain
-
Which of the following is a form of a malignant non-osseous tumor most likely found in children?
D. Ewing's sarcoma
-
The most common type of cancer arising from the epithelium of the GI tract is:
A. squamous cell
-
Which type of leukemia is seen with nearly the same frequency in all decades of life?
C. AML
-
The most common primary brain tumor in children is:
B. medulloblastoma
-
The presence of the Reed-Sternberg cell is essential for the diagnosis of:
D. hodgkin's lymphoma
-
In a stage IV Hodgkin's disease the symbols H+, O+ and L+ indicate involvement of the:
- Liver (H)
- Bone (O)
- Lung (L)
-
The most common method of spread for cervical ca is:
B. lymphatic
-
The most common intracranial malignancy is:
D. meningioma
-
Metastases to the liver are most commonly seen in cancers affecting the:
A. GI tract
-
A large percentage of bone metastases result from tumors which originate in the:
1. lung 2. breast 3. prostate
D. Lung, Breast & Prostate
-
The metastatic spread of osteosarcomas most often relates to:
A. blood vessels
-
TRUE or FALSE: The radiation treatment given to an area of lytic metastatic disease will serve to reduce pain in the bone.
True
-
The control of pain in terminal patients may require an analgesic solution of drugs called:
B. Bromptom's
-
During a Hodgkin's disease treatment, a platelet count of about ________ or less will require an interruption of treatment.
A. 50,000
-
Formation of intercellular edema is characteristic of:
B. moist desquamation
-
The principle difference in the modified radical and radical mastectomy is the extent of the __________ removal.
C. muscle
-
The most common viral syndrome in immunosuppressed cancer patients is:
A. influenza
-
A patient with metastatic bone disease has become lethargic & confused. A physical exam shows no abnormalities. A probable cause could be:
A. hyper calcemia
-
All of the following areas are associated with metastasis to the bone except:
D. Colon ca generally does not mets to bone until very late in the game
-
The sphenoid sinus is located anteroir and inferior to what other structure?
D. sella turcica
-
The surface landmark associated with the anterior nasal spine at the junction of the upper lip and the nose is called the:
-
The majority of the compactum is supplied by blood vessels originating in the ________ cavity.
Medullary
-
Kyphosis commonly affects the _________ spine of elderly patients.
B. thoracic
-
The most anterior portion of a normal vertebrae is the:
D. body
-
The lacrimal canal is a bony groove through the lacrimal bone that serves to connect the:
B. Nasal & orbital cavities
-
The ________ (male or female) pelvis is characterized by a larger pelvic outlet, wider transverse diameter & larger pubic arch.
Female
-
Chronic rheumatoid arthritis ofetn damages the joint membranes & may lead to an abnormal joint stiffening called:
C. ankylosis
-
Reticulum, elastin & the ground substance are the 3 primary components of:
B. collagen
-
The sternal or manubrial notch is often employed for the localization of:
C. T-2
-
The junction of the two innominate bones at the anteroinferior margin is termed the:
C. symphysis pubis
-
Because of the livers function to filter hematogenous tumor cells, about ______% of cancer patients will develop liver metastasis.
A. 50%
-
The largest portion of the intestinal tract is supplied with arterial blood by way of the:
C. superior mesenteric artery
-
The principle lymphatics of the cecum & ascending colon are the:
D. ileocolic nodes
-
Which of the following structures is most likely associated with lymphatic drainage into the perineal & inguinal nodes:
C. anus
-
Which of the following GI structures is not located within the peritoneum?
B. duodenum
-
The junction of the transverse & descending colon takes place at the ________ flexure.
a. splenic
b. hepatic
a. splenic
-
The vast majority of the lymph drainage of the stomach passes into the:
B. celiac nodes
-
The white blood cells of the lymphatic system enter the systemic circulation at the:
C. subclavian veins
-
The gallbladder normally found by its attachment to the ventral surface of the:
a. right lobe of the liver
b. left lobe of the liver
a. right lobe of the liver
-
The head of the pancreas will normally be located in the:
B. sweep of the duodenum
-
The most extensive drainage from the oro and nasopharynx is by way of the:
a. jugulodigastric
b. retropharyngeal
b. retropharyngeal
-
The lymphatic drainage of the paranasal sinuses & nasal fossae are most often directed into the:
C. deep cervical nodes
-
The tail of the pancreas is attched to what abdominal structure?
A. spleen
-
The ascending & transverse colon join at the _________ flexure:
a. hepatic
b. splenic
a. hepatic
-
The principle lymphatic nodes associated with the drainage of the gallbladder are the:
1. periportal 2. duodenal 3. inguinal
B. Periportal & Duodenal
-
The digestive tract organ most responsible for the absorption of water is the:
C. large intestine
-
The jugulodigastric and submandibular nodes are the principle lymph nodes associated with the drainage of the:
C. oral cavity
-
Which segment of the esophagus will normally have lymphatic drainage into the paratracheal nodes?
A. Upper portion
-
The longest segment of the human intestinal tract is the:
D. Ileum
-
The white pulp of the spleen is most closely related to the:
C. immune process
-
The haustra are the folds that give the _________ its characteristic appearance.
B. Colon
-
The portal vein that brings venous blood to the liver is derived from circulation of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. kidney
-
All of the following are synthesized in the liver EXCEPT:
A. lactic acid
-
The most common site of embolization in the respiratory tract is (are):
B. pulmonary arteries
-
Most of the lymphatic drainage from the testes & ovaries terminates in the ________ nodes.
C. lumbar (preaortic) nodes
-
In a normal adult's urinary system, the ureters will attach to the urinary bladder at its:
a. anterior lateral surface
b. posterior lateral surface
b. posterior lateral surface
-
The majority of malignancies of the kidneys will metastasize to the:
D. Liver & Spleen
-
The drainage of the superficial inguinal and internal iliac nodes are associated with the:
D. rectum & anus
-
The region on an antigen that appears to elicit an immune response is called the:
B. epitope
-
The lymph drainage of the thyroid gland is primarily through the:
B. jugular nodes
-
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland that results in a persistent:
a. hyperthyroidism
b. hypothyroidism
a. hyperthyroidism
-
Hyperthyroidism that is the result of excessive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is often associated with ______ tumors.
a. pituitary
b. testicular
a. pitutary
-
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is an autoimmune thyroiditis called:
A. Hashimoto's disease
-
The most common malignancy of the kidney is:
B. renal metastasis
-
A large portion of memory and motor functions of the cerebral hemisphere are located in the:
C. frontal lobes
-
The temporal lobe of the cerebrum is normally related to the:
B. hearing, learning & memory recall
-
The coordination of fine muscular movement of the extremities is primarily accomplished by the:
B. cerebellum
-
The main control of the autonomic nervous system & the physiological function is accomplished in the:
A. brainstem & hypothalamus
-
Though the brain constitutes only about 3% of the body weight, it requires about ____% of the total oxygen consumption of the body.
A. 20%
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