Scientific Breakthrough 2013 - Organogenesis

•Easy to acquire

•No ethical restriction

•Specific to each patient

•Growth Factors (Paracrine Factors)

  –Instructive Induction

•Extracellular Scaffold

   –Permissive Induction

•Synchronous Electrical Signal

•Mechanical Stress

•Scaffold Building

•Individualized Structure

•Large Number Of Cells

•Vascularity

• •Proper Developing Condition (Mechanical
• & Chemical cues)

•In 2006, first artificial bladder from sample bladder cells

•May 2013, artificial trachea using 3D printer

•Only simple structure organ

• •Atala and Co. at Wake Forest School of
• Medicine

•Fully functional

•Created from sample bladder cells of children

2006- Spina bifilda childen from 4-19 years old. Urothelial and muscle cells. Cystoplasty

• •May 2013, Zopf and Co. at University of Michigan created bioresorbable airway splint to treat Tracheobronchomalacia
• in newborn

•Using 3D Printer based on CT Scan

Tracheobronchomalacia– weakness of trachea due to soft cartilage –lead to trachea collapse

•In July 2013, Harald Ott and Co. at Massachusetts General Hospital

Fully formed heart from organ donor’s heart scaffold

• •Combination of detergents and mechanical
• pressure

•Very important step

•Overstripping leads to loss of matrix

•Understripping leads to immune rejection when transplanted of leftover cells

• •Repopulate the empty extracellular matrix
• with IPS cells

• •Different IPS cells are needed for
• different types of cell

• •Heart: Endothelial and myocardial
• precursor cells

•Large numbers of cells needed

•Organogenesis Factors must be met

•Newly built organ must be transplanted back into patient

•Most difficult step

•Must not trigger immune reaction

•Must be functional

• •All transplanted artificial organs do not
• meet function requirement or fail

• •Optimize method to improve functional
• capacity

• •Learn about the structure of
• extracellular matrix

• •Develop new method that is independent of
• donor’s organ

•Develop partial organ building method