Lillyvette

Which of the following is found in gram negative bacteria but not gram positive bacteria?

1. outer membrane
2. ribosomes
3. teichoic acid
4. membrane sterols

Pleomorphic bacteria are best described as:

Endospores:

1. can remain alive for decades
2. can be formed by gram-positives only
3. can survive boiling water
4. all of the above

Bacillus and Clostridium can have two forms; an endospore and a

Which term best describes spherical bacteria present in pairs?

Runs and tumbles are associated with bacterial

Phototrophic bacteria carry out a form of photosynthesis.
True False

Most bacteria move by flagella, but some move by cilia.
True False

Gram-negative bacteria have many (>20) layers of peptidoglycan, while gram-positive bacteria only have a few (<5) layers.
True False

The motile feeding stage of protozoa is called

Staphylococci are clusters of cells.
True False

Sporozoan (apicomplexa) protozoa move by

Which of the following maintains the chromosomes number of eukaryotic cells?

1. snapping division
2. binary fission
3. mitosis
4. meiosis
5. both 2 and 3

Which of the following does not have a cell wall?

1. fungi
2. algae
3. protozoa
4. all have cell walls

Reproduces primarily by budding:

A fungal filament is called:

Most fungi are called:

They get their food via:

A vector spreads a pathogen from one host to another.
True False

Helminths (worms) are studied in microbiology because the adult worms are microscopic.
True False

Which of the following statments describe algae?

1. They are eukaryotes
2. They may be either microscopic or macroscopic
3. They are classified according to their photosynthetic pigment
4. All of the above statements are correct
5. 1 and 2 are correct statements

The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are:

1. attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, and release
2. uncoating, penetration, replication, assembly, and budding
3. membrane fusion, duplication, uncoating, assembly, lysis
4. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis

Living cells are required for culturing viruses because:

1. viruses are technically non-living
2. viruses require host cell genetic machinery to replicate
3. viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
4. all of the above

IN GENERAL, RNA viruses multiply in the cell __________ , and DNA viruses multiply in the cell ________________.

Binds enveloped viruses to host cells

Can consist of a protein coat and DNA

Formed from host cell membrane

Binds unenveloped viruses to hosts

Which can be used as mRNA?

A naked, small, infectious RNA molecule is called

A provirus exists when DNA from a virus is inserted in the host chromosome.
True False

Though they are small, viruses are still considered cells
True False

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes associated with cell division
True False

Iodine is considered

The cellular targets of physical and chemical agents fall into general categories including those that damage

Can be used for fluid or air

Includes ultraviolet light

Freeze drying

Includes the batch and flash methods for liquids

Includes gamma rays

A term that indicates an antibacterial agent primarily inhibits growth without substantial killing

The destruction of most microorganisms on non-living tissue is called:

Warmer temperatures generally interfere with the effectiveness of a disinfectant
True False

Ionizing radiation dislodges electrons from molecules, strengthening DNA.
True False

Moist heat is more effective than dry heat at killing microorganisms.
True False

Why are bacterial antibiotics that affect protein synthesis usually effective?

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Inhibit DNA or RNA synthesis

Inhibit metabolic pathways

inhibit protein synthesis

disrupt cell membranes

Few drugs are selectively toxic against viruses against

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for antiviral drugs?

1. inhibits uncoating
2. inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
3. inhibits membrane synthesis
4. inhibits release of virus

The disk diffusion susceptibility test (Kirby-Bauer test) measures the _________ of an antibacterial drug.

The MIC is the _______ of a drug that is required to inhibit growth of a microbe.

What is effective against fungal membranes?

Selective toxicity means a drug is effective against _________, but not against ________.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the selection of an antimicrobial agent?

1. An ideal antimicrobial agent is stable during storage.
2. An ideal antimicrobial agent is fast acting.
3. Ideal microbial agents do not exist.
4. All of the above

Penicillin is effective against bacterial cell wall synthesis.
True False

A drug that prevents growth of bacteria but does not kill non-dividing bacteria would be classified as bacteriostatic.
True False

Infections acquired while in a health care facility.

Capsules help bacteria by inhibiting

When cases are concentrated in one area at a relatively stable rate, then the disease

Endotoxins are found in:

A virulence factor is one which:

1. allows a microbe to invade and establish itself on the host.
2. allows a host to evade infection.
3. normal flora use against invading microorganisms
4. invading organisms use against normal flora

Koch's postulates determines

Consider the following case. An animal was infected with a virus. A mosquito bit the animal, was contaminated with the virus, and proceeded to bite and infect a person. Which was the vector.

Opportunistic pathogens are LEAST likely to affect which of the following groups:

1. AIDS patients
2. drug addicts
3. college students
4. transplant recipients

Bacterial fimbriae contribute to infection by aiding the bacteria in:

Endogenous infections are caused by:

Resident microbiota is absent from the:

Microbial infection damages hosts by:

In a(n) _________ infection, a person can have a period of no illness before reactivation.

Etiology is the study of the cause of disease.
True False

The number of TOTAL cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time is called the prevalence of a disease.
True False

Normal microbiota consists mostly of bacteria and viruses.
True False

An isotope has a different number of _______ but the same ________ .

Amino acids are linked in proteins by ______________ bonds.

A volume of space in which an electron is likely to be found is called a:

The sugar found in RNA is a:

Can form branched chains:

A phospolipid contains:

An amphipathic molecule is defined as a molecule that:

ATP is classified as a:

When NaCl is dissolved in water, sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains one. Which of the following is true?

1. A covalent bond is formed between sodium and the oxygen of water.
2. Ionic bonds form causing NaCl to re-form in the solution
3. An oxidation-reduction reaction occurs causing the formation of ATP
4. Sodium becomes a cation, and chlorine becomes an anion.

In proteins, helices and pleated sheets are associated with:

A solution with a pH of 2 ____ than a solution with a pH of 8.

The process that forms polymers from individual subunits is called hydrolysis.
True False

Cholesterol is classified as a type of lipid called a steroid.
True False

The three-dimensional shape of a protein refers to its primary structure.
True False

Bacteria grow in _______ by the process of _________.

Oxygen is toxic to:

What is an organic compound such as an amino acid, nitrogenous base, or vitamin that cannot be synthesized by an organism and must be provided as a nutrient?

A pump protein is most frequently associated with

Penicillin affects the synthesis of gram-positive cell walls. Bacteria would be most sensitive to penicillin during the ______ phase of the growth curve.

The condition that occurs when organisms live in an obligatory but mutually beneficial relationship is called

A candle jar consist of a candle placed in a jar and then allowed to go out. The candle used up most of the oxygen and emits carbon dioxide. Candle jars would thus be used to grow:

Barophiles live in areas of

Defined as the ingestion of whole cells or large solid matter?

Turbidity is measured with a:

A glove box is used to grow:

Green algae would be considered to be:

A bacterial cell in a hypotonic environment will:

NADH

In osmosis:

An allosteric inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme
True False

The Krebs cycle produces ___ ATP by substrate level phosphorylation for each pyruvic acid

An atom that donates electrons during a reaction undergoes

A direct product or products of glycolysis is/are:

An enzyme has an element of iron in its center Iron is thus classifed as a

The complete metabolism of glucose by aerobic respiration results in ____ ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

Where does the Krebs cycle occur in prokaryotes?

Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotes?

Another term for biosynthesis.

As electrons move through the electron transport chain _________ are removed from the cell.

An enzyme

In fermentation, the terminal electron acceptor is

The substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme
True False

The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
True False

When lipids are broken down, completely separate pathways from aerobic respiration are used.
True False

The reverse process of glycolysis is called gluconeogenesis.
True False

Involves plasmids

Contains a P site

Requires bacteriophages

Has an anticodon

DNA taken up from the environment

In which directions do DNA and RNA polymerase work?

Called "jumping genes"

Radiolabeled cytosine (cytosine with radioactive hydrogen) given to a cell would be incorporated into:

As a general rule, the template strand on DNA will always begin with:

Translations produces:

Where are prokaryotic chromosomes located?

AUC is one of the stop codons
True False

Replication in the bacteria only occurs just before the bacterial cell divides
True False

Frameshift mutations can be caused by insertions but not by deletions.
True False

A base mutation is a spontaneous mutation that causes a frame shift.
True False

Requires gel electrophoresis

Cuts DNA molecules at specific locations

Determines the order of DNA nucleotides in a genome

Produces a large number of identical DNA molecules

Uses RNA template to transcribe molecule of cDNA

A genomic library is associated with

Two sources of DNA can be compared by labeling once source with radioactive phosphate, separting the strands by heating, and then cooling the sample. If the two sources intermix, it is called:

Recombinant DNA in bacteria can produce:

The incorporation of a fluorescent DNA probe with a target DNA molecule is called FISH
True False

A transgenic plant is one that has DNA from another species added to it.
True False

Antisense RNA binds to mRNA allowing an increase in the rate of translation.
True False

Restriction enzymes inhibit the movement of DNA
True False