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__?__ is the process of breaking down food with the addition of water.
Hydrolysis
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The chemical the digestive enzyme is breaking down is the __?__.
substrate
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What the substrate is broken into is the __?__.
product
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Why are controls done?
To make sure reageants are functioning properly and are not contaminated.
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If amylase breaks down starch what is the substrate? The product?
Starch; Maltose (disaccharide)
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When starch is present, Iodine Potassium Iodine (IKI) stains starch what color?
Black
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When starch has been broken down with the addition of Iodine Potassium Iodine (IKI), the contents in the tube will appear what color?
Dilute iodine (orange color)
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What is Benedict's reagent testing for?
A type of sugar such as Maltose.
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When Benedict's reagent is added to a tube after boiling, the color(s) will be __?__ if sugar (Maltose) is present.
green, red, or orange
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When Benedict's reagent is added to a tube after boiling, the color(s) will be __?__ if sugar (Maltose) is not present.
blue (no change; color of Benedict's reagent)
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Will an enzyme work at a pH other than its optimum pH?
Sometimes, depending on the pH and the enzyme. However, enzymes work best at their pH optima.
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What will boiling do to an enzyme?
Boiling denatures enzymes so it means it changes the structure of the enzyme causing it not to work anymore.
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What will freezing do to an enzyme?
It only slows down the activity (it does not stop it from working).
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What enzyme digests carbohydrates into disaccharides?
Amylase
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What pH does Amylase works best in? Where in the body would this enzyme work best?
7.0; in the mouth (also in the small intestine)
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What enzyme breaks down proteins?
Pepsin
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What pH does Pepsin works best in? Where in the body would this enzyme work best?
2.0; in the stomach (activated by HCl)
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What instrument is used to see if proteins (BAPNA in lab experiment) are broken down? What color should be seen when using this instrument?
Spectrophotometer; a yellow color should be seen when this instrument shines a light through the solution.
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What enzyme breaks down fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids?
Lipase
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What pH does Lipase works best in? Where in the body would this enzyme work best?
7.0; secreted by pancreas and active in the small intestine.
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What is the function of bile? How does this function help with lipase efficiency?
Bile emulsifies fats; this provides more surface area and increases lipase efficiency.
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What should happen when Lipase breaks down fat?
Fatty acids are released and an increase in fatty acids in the solution will make the solution more acidic.
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What instrument is used to measure the pH of the solution?
pH meter
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