GEOGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT GAP

Gross Domestic product

The number of live births per 1000 per year

The number of deaths per 1000 per year

Birth rate-death rate resulting in a positive number

A development indicator that combines GNP, life expectancy and literacy rate of a country. Measured on a scale of 0-1

HDI combines GNP, life expectancy and literacy rate whereas other measurements of development do not

Lower, meaning that they also have a slower natural increase

MEDCs

North-South Divide

South Africa

• By adding the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year and dividing that by the total number of people in the country
• Total income
• ---------------
• Total population

It is difficult to know how the different indicators weigh up against each other

Male/female ratio, culture of the country

Infant Mortality Rate. The number of live births per 1000 per year who die before their first birthday

The wealth+ education of a country, also the population of that country

A low number (compared to LEDCs)

• The standard of medical care given
• Cultural issues

The health of a nation, hints at the environment they may live in

The quality of life that people may be living at

• >whether the country is landlocked (many in Africa are)
• >climate related disease (sick people cannot improve their quality of life easily)
• >drought (can limit and destroy what has already been created in terms of development)

• >low life expectancy (not a lot of time to develop and expand economically)
• >war, which Costs a lot (eg Sierra Leone)
• >global trade policies (which only favour MEDCs)

• > banks want political stability
• > good infrastructure (eg roads) need to be in place and often aren't
• > a reliable electrical supply must be available
• > an educated workforce is necessary

• > farmers are unlikely to care about the rainforest they are cutting down if it means that they can feed their families
• > wildlife has been sacrificed to poachers when they could have provided tourism
• > lack of funds to protect and develop environmental resources

• -WATER QUALITY (disease carried in water debilitates people from making development)
• -RELIABILITY OF WATER SUPPLY (unreliable supplies limit crop yields)
• -EDUCATION (difficult to fund if underdeveloped)
• -HEALTH (poorer countries cannot maintain a constant health supply meaning many will become ill)

"... Meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"

• -an improved quality of life
• -an improved standard of living

• -encouraging economic development at a pace the country can afford
• -by developing technology that is appropriate to the skills of local people
• -by using natural resources without harming the environment

Meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

• The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh has helped people by lending micro loans to those who would be turned away by other banks.
• It has helped over 7 million people, and women have particularly benefited as they can set up their own businesses
• 99% of loans are repaid

The poorest people are taught to cope and improve their condition allowing for them to move up in life by themselves

The conversion of forest to commercial land

Grameen bank and phones

Sums of Monet that at some time in the future have to be paid back with interest

• Brazil
• Here factories have been built and made a profit

• Gifts of money, goods, food, machinery, technology or trained workers and is designed to raise the standards of living
• Aid in its truest form doesn't need to be repaid, but countries do usually expect something in return for aid

Forgiving a debt in part or in total (eg writing off a debt)

They can begin to improve the quality of life for their citizens

An agreement whereby a proportion of a country's debts are written off in exchange for a promise by the debtor country to undertake environmental conservation projects

50

An international movement ensuring that producers in poor countries get a fair deal.

They receive a minimum guaranteed price for their crop and long term contracts

7 million farmers and their families

• Building facilities such as schools and hospitals
• Invest in industry

• Save lives of people in danger
• Help with a country's stabilisation

• Any trade wealthier countries were doing with poorer countries went down
• The poorer countries will receive less for their exports and may go further into debt

Countries at further stages of development give money to international organisations (such as the world bank or the UN) which is then redistributed to development projects in countries at a lesser stage of development

Aid given by one country to another. It may include trade and business agreements tied to the aid

Ecuador with the bananas

1957

• A life expectancy of over 70 years
• A HDI that puts them in the top 60 in the world

28 (eg United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Bulgaria)

• *ensure that no one country can dominate others
• * give trade benefits within a group of countries (protect through the he of tariffs)
• * allow free movement of people between member states

31%

€351 billion

1973

2007

Approx 7.6 million

Nuclear and coal power

Because industries are underdeveloped

Cahora Bassa dam (in Mozambique)

1%

South Africa

Enough to provide all of Mozambique (the country where it is located) with power for the foreseeable future.

ActionAid, Kolkata

A UK charity that works with local communities in the developing world

• HIV/aids
• Huger+food
• Women's rights
• Education for all
• Security for all
• Good government (stable)

A donor is someone who sponsors projects or children by sending them money or aid. This is a successful method as it increases the life chances of an individual and gives the donor a feel good factor.

Sustainability

Community youth empowerment programme, Uganda

A UK organisation that places gap year students in development projects in countries such as Uganda.

• Raise awareness of aids risk and reduce infections
• Improve environmental health knowledge (such as how to manage waste)
• Teach energy conservation methods
• Promote sustainable organic farming ideas

In Kebager village, the three natural springs were polluted. SPW students constructed a water tank that kept pollution out. The water was not exposed and therefor could not become polluted

Precise limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported

Countries that have grouped together to increase the amount they trade between the and the value of their trade

• European Union (EU)
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• (Either one is fine)

Member countries can cut out the tariffs in place between them - making goods cheaper

When countries don't discourage or restrict the movement of goods with tariffs and quotas

An organisation that deals with the rules of global trade and aims to make trade easier and get rid of anything hindering it

With 32% in extreme poverty the answer is Africa

Ethiopia

Bi lateral aid and commodities exchange

MEDCs are likely to want to trade with the LEDC in order to get the commodity (for example Ethiopia receives trade money for coffee beans) and this will increase the development of the country as there will be more money in the economy.