_______ is the property of a metal that permits no premanent distortion before breaking.
Ex. Cast Iron will break before rather than bend under shock or impact.
A) Brittleness
Physical Properties of Metal:
_____ is the ability of the metal to be permanently deformed without breaking.
D) Ductility
Physical Properties of Metal:
________ is the ability of the metal to return to its original shape after any force acting on it has been removed.
D) Elasticity
Physical Properties of Metal:
________ may be defined as the resistance to forcible penetration or plastic deformation.
A) Hardness
Physical Properties of Metal:
____________ is the property of a metal that permits it to be hammered or rolled into other sizes and shapes.
A) Malleability
Physical Properties of Metal:
_______ is the maximum amount of pull that a material will withstand before breaking.
B) Tensile Strength
Physical Properties of Metal:
_________ is the property of a metal to withstand shock or impact. This is the opposite condition of brittleness.
A) Toughness
Iron Ore:
________ contains about 70% iron and varies in colour from black to brick red.
C) Hematite
Iron Ore:
________, a brownish ore that contains water, which has to be removed by roasting.
A) Limonite
Limestone river bridges
Iron Ore:
_________, a rich, black ore, contains a higher percentage of iron than any other ore but is not found in large quantities.
D) Magnetite
Iron Ore:
________, a low-grade ore containing about 25% to 30% iron, must be specially treated before reduction into iron.
A) Taconite
Cheap tacos, takes a lot to feel full.
What are the 3 primary ingredients in pig iron?
Iron ore
main ingredient
Coke
removes oxygen
Limestone
forms slag with impurities
What purpose does Coke have in the production of Pig Iron?
Coke burns to produce carbon monoxide, which combines with the oxygen in the iron ore to reduce it to a spongy mass of iron.
What purpose does Limestone have in the production of Pig Iron?
Limestone acts a flux and unites with the impurities (silica and sulfur) in the iron ore to form a slag.
What type of furnace is used to manufacture pig iron?
Blast Furnace
What type of furnace is used to manufacture Cast Iron?
Cupola Furnace
Types of Cast Iron:
_____ castings: made from a mixture of pig iron and steel scrap, are the most widely used. They are made into a wide variety of products, biles, locomotives, and machinery.
B) Grey-Iron Castings
Types of Cast Iron:
_____ castings are made by pouring molten metal into metal molds so that the surface cools rapidly. The surface of such castings becomes very hard, and the castings are used for crusher rolls or other products requiring a hard, wear-resistant surface.
A) Chilled-iron castings
Types of Cast Iron:
_______ castings contains amounts of alloys such as chromium, molybdenum, and nickel. Castings of this types are used extensively by the automobile industry.
D) Alloyed castings
Types of Cast Iron:
_________ castings are made from a special grade of pig iron and foundry scrap. After these castings have solidified, they are annealed in special furnaces. This makes the iron malleable and resistant to shock.
B) Malleable Castings
Describe the Basic Oxygen Furnace process
charging scrap into furnace
charging molten iron into furnace
addition of burnt lime
blowing with oxygentapping the furnace for steel
pouring the slag
Describe the Electric Furnace process
used to make fine alloy and tool steels
scrap steel into the furnace
electrodes are lowered until arc jumps to scrap
scrap melts
alloying materials are added
furnace is tilted
steel flows into ladle
Steel Processing:
_____ are generally rectangular or square and are larger than 36" in cross section.
They are used to manufacture structural steel and rails.
A) Blooms
Steel Processing:
_____ are generally rectangular or square and are smaller than 36" in cross section.
They are used to manufacture structural steel and rails.
B) Billets
Steel Processing:
_____ are usually thinner and wider than billets.
They are used to manufacture plates, sheet, and strip steel.
D) Slabs
Alloying Elements:
______ is the element that has the greatest influence on the property of the steel, since it is the hardening agent. The hardenability, tensile strength, and wear resistance will be increased up to about 0.83%.
A) Carbon
_________, when added in small quantities (0.30% to 0.60%) during the manufacture of steel, acts as a deoxidizer or purifier. _________ helps to remove the oxygen, which, if it remained, would make the steel weak and brittle.
B) Manganese
__________ is generally considered an undesirable element in carbon steel when present in amounts over 0.6%, since it will cause the steel to fail under vibration or shock. Small amounts of __________ (about 0.3%) tend to eliminate blow holes and decrease shrinkage in the steel.
See "Cold-Shortness".
A) Phosphorus
_______, present in most steels in amounts from 0.10% to 0.30%, acts as a deoxidizer and makes steel sound when it is cast or hot-worked.
D) Silicon
______, generally considered an impurity in steel, causes the steel to crack during working at high temperatures
See "Hot-Shortness".
B) Sulfur
Low-Carbon Steel:
Contains between ____% and ____% carbon by mass. This type of steel can not be hardened.
Ex. "Cold-Rolled Steel"
B) 0.02% and 0.30%
Medium-Carbon Steel:
Contains between ____% and ____% carbon by mass. It is used where greater tensile strength is required and is ideal for forging.
D) 0.30% and 0.60%
High-Carbon Steel:
Contains between ____% and ____% carbon by mass. This is also know as tool steel and is used in cutting tools and "Hot-Rolled Steel".
A) 0.60% and 1.7%
What are the 7 properties alloying imparts on steel?
Increased tensile strength
Increased Hardness
Increased Toughness
Alteration of the critical temperature of the steel
Increased wear abrasion
Red Hardness
Corrosion Resistance
____________ Point:
The temperature at which carbon steel, when being heated, transforms from pearlite to austenite; 1330 oF (721 oC) for 0.83% Carbon Steel.
D) Decalescence Point
____________ Point:
The temperature at which carbon steel, when being slowly cooled, transforms from austenite to pearlite.
A) Recalescence Point
_____ critical temperature point:
The lowest temperature at which steel may be quenched in order to harden it. This temperature coincides with the decalescence point.
B) Lower Critical Temperature Point
_____ critical temperature point:
the highest temperature at which steel may be quenched in order to attain maximum hardness and the finest grain structure.
D) Upper critical temperature point
________ _____:
The temperature range bounded by the upper and lower critical temperatures.
A) Critical Range
___________:
The heating of steel above its lower critical temperature and quenching in the proper medium to produce martensite.
A) hardening
_________:
reheating hardening steel to a desired temperature below its lower critical temperature, followed by any desired rate of cooling.
A) Tempering or Drawing
_________:
heating metal to just above its upper critical point for the required period of time, followed by slow cooling in the furnace, lime, or sand.
D) Annealing
___________:
heating the steel to just above its upper critical temperature and cooling it in still air. ___________ is done to improve the grain structure and remove the stresses and stains.
C) Normalizing
_____________:
the heating of steel to just below the lower critical temperature for a prolonged period of time followed by cooling in still air. This process produces a grain structure with globular-shaped particles of cementite.
A) Spheroidizing
_____ Iron:
the state in which iron exists below the lower critical temperature. In this state, the atoms form a body-centered cube.
D) Alpha Iron
_____ iron:
the state in which iron exists in the critical range. In this state the molecules form face-centered cubes. _____ iron is nonmagnetic.
C) Gamma Iron
_____:
A laminated structure of ferrite, usually the condition of steel before heat treatment.
A) Pearlite
B) Martensite
C) Cupola Furnace
D) Blooms
A) Pearlite
_________:
a carbide of iron (Fe3C), which is the hardener in steel.
A) Austenite
B) Manganese
C) Eutectoid Steel
D) Cementite
D) Cementite
_________:
a solid solution of carbon in iron, which exists between the lower and upper critical temperatures.
A) Magnetite
B) Gamma Iron
C) Austenite
D) Alloyed castings
C) Austenite
__________:
the structure of fully hardened steel obtained when austenite is quenched.
A) Martensite
_________ Steel:
steel containing just enough carbon to dissolve completely in the iron when the when the steel is heated to its critical range. _________ steel contains 0.80% and 0.85% carbon.
A) Eutectoid Steel
______________ Steel:
Steel containing more carbon than will completely dissolve in the iron when the steel is heated to the critical range.
D) Hypereutectoid Steel.
_____________ Steel:
Steel containing less carbon than can be dissolved by the iron when the steel is heated to the critical range.
C) Hypoeutectoid steel.
_____-hardening tool steels generally contains from 0.50% to 1.3% carbon, along with small amounts (~0.20%) of silicon and manganese.
_____-hardening steels achieve the maximum hardness for a depth of about 1/8" (3mm); the inner core remains softer but still tough.
C) Water-hardening
A typical ___-hardening steel contains about 0.90% carbon, 1.6% manganese, and 0.25% silicon.
D) Oil-Hardening
Due to slower cooling rates of ___-hardening steels, the stresses and strains that cause cracking and distortion are kept to a minimum.
C) Air-hardening
Name 3 hardness tests that use depth of penetration made by a penetrator under a known load:
Rockwell
Brinell
Vickers
The ________ hardness tester indicates the hardness value by the depth that a penetrator advances into the metal under a load. A 120o conical diamond penetrator (brale) is used for testing hard materials.
D) Rockwell hardness tester
Describe the penetrator, load and material tested on the Rockwell "C" scale.
120o diamond penetrator
330lb (or 150kg)
for testing hardened metals
Describe the penetrator, load, and material tested on the Rockwell "B" scale.
1/16" (1.5 mm) ball penetrator
220lb (100kg)
for testing soft metals
The _______ hardness tester is operated by pressing a 10mm hardened steel ball under load of a 3000kg into the surface of the material and measuring the diameter of the impression with a microscope.
C) Brinell hardness tester
A standard load of ___kg is used for testing non-ferrous metals.
B) 500kg
The ___________ hardness tester is operated on the principle that a small diamond-tipped hammer, when dropped from a fixed height, will rebound higher from a hard surface than a softer one.
C) Scleroscope hardness tester
The toughness of metal, or its ability to withstand a sudden shock or impact, may be measured by the ______ impact test or the ____ test.
Charpy impact test or the Izod test.
In the ______ test, the material is mounted in a fixture and supported at both end, The V or notch is placed on the side opposite the direction of the pendulum's swing.
A) Charpy
In the ____ test, one end of the work is gripped in a clamp with the notched side towards the direction of the pendulum's swing.
D) Izod
________ is a light, soft, white metal produced from bauxite ore. It is resistant to atmospheric corrosion and is a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is malleable and ductile and can easily be machined, forged, rolled, and extruded.
A) Aluminum
_________, an alloy of 95% aluminum, 4% copper, 0.05% manganese, and 0.05% magnesium, is widely used in the aircraft and transportation industries.
D) Duralumin
______ is a heavy, soft, reddish-coloured metal refined from ______ ore (______ sulfide). It has high electrical and thermal conductivity, has good corrosion resistance and strength. It is very ductile and is easily drawn into wire and tubing.
A) Copper
_____, is an alloy of Copper and Zinc.
It has good corrosion resistance and is easily formed, machined, and cast.
C) Brass
______ is an alloy of Copper and Tin.
D) Bronze
____ is a soft, heavy metal that has a bright, silvery colour when freshly cut but turns grey quickly when exposed to air.
C) Lead
What are the 2 most common alloying elements of Lead?
Antimony and Tin
______, is an alloy of Lead and Tin.
A) Solder
_________ is a lightweight element that, when alloyed, produces a light, strong metal used extensively in the air craft and missile industries.
A) Magnesium
______, a whitish metal, is noted for its resistance to corrosion and oxidation. It is used extensively for electroplating, but its most important application is in the manufacture of stainless and alloy steels.
A) Nickel
Author
joshuacassel
ID
270571
Card Set
Metallurgy
Description
A general test of Metallurgy knowledge for preparing for a test.
A good study aid for apprentices in machining.
