SOCI 1125

• Psychologist
• Driving force behind the creation of the world's first sex-change clinic

babies born with ambiguous genital because of a hormone imbalance in the womb or some other cause

Depends on whether you were born with distinct male or female genitals

Sense of being male or female and your playing masculine and feminine roles in ways defined as appropriate by culture/society

A person's identification with, or sense of belonging to, a particular sex:Bio-psycho-socially

• Social Learning of gender is difficult to undo
• Develop a sense between ages 2 and 3

Prefence for members of the opposite group

school of thought that views gender differnces as a reflection of biological differences between women and men

School of thought that views gender differences as a reflection of the different social positions occupied by women and men

Gender differnces in behaviour are based in biological differences between women and men

learning the essential features of femininty and masculinity integrates society and allows it to function properly

• 1. they ignore the historical and cultural variability of gender and sexuality
• 2. Essentialism generalizes from the average, ignoring variations within gender groups
• 3. Little or no directs evidence directly supports the essentialists major claims
• 4. Their explanations for gender differences ignore the role of power

A set of ideas about what constitutes appropriate masculine and feminine roles and behaviours

• Argues root of male domination located in class inequality
• Suggests men gained substantial power over women when preliterate societies first able to produce surplus over which men gained control
• Two means devised to ensure men’s offspring received inheritance of economic surplus:
• i.Imposing rule that only men could own property
• ii.Using socialization and force to ensure women remained sexually faithful to husbands
• Male domination intensified with industrial capitalism

• Argues male domination rooted in the following:
• i.Patriarchal authority relations
• ii.Family structures
• iii.Patterns of socialization and culture that exist in most societies
• Both conflict and feminist perspectives view explanations for gender by functionalists, sociobiologists, and evolutionary psychologists as rationalizations for male domination and sexual aggression

• Are various ways in which meaning of gender taught through gender socialization:
• 1.Toys marketed in childhood: Girls’ toys stress nurturing, physical attractiveness, and indoor activities, while boys’ toys stress aggression, competition, spatial manipulation, and outdoor activities ð Examples:
• Barbie doll: Conveys ideal woman defined primarily by her attractiveness to men through doll’s large-breasted, small-waisted body shape
• GI Joe: Rugged and macho appearance teaches stereotypical male role

Social barrier that makes it difficult for women to rise to the top level of management

People defy societies gender norms and blur wideley accepted gender roles

Those who alter their gender

"Straight"