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What is pulse and how can it be measured?
- A measurement of the heart rate;
- Can be measured on any large or medium artery by using fingertip to compress the vessel and sense the pulse
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Where can the pulse be located?
- Carotid artery - neck;
- Brachial artery - inner, upper arm
- Radial artery - wrist
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What are other terms for the carotid artery?
- When it runs along the trachea as common carotid;
- Appoximately level with the mandible, bifurcates to the External and internal carotid arteries
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Describe the location of the brachial artery.
- Runs along medial side of upper arm between biceps brachii and triceps bracii to point just distal of elbow joint;
- Can be located in the groove between the biceps and triceps (antecubital space)
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Describe the location of the radial artery
- Divides bracial artery and continues distally along the forearm on the radial side;
- Located at the distal lateral wrist immediately superior to the thumb
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What does systemic arterial blood pressure measure?
- Hemodynamic factors (cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, blood flow);
- Indirect measurement of pressure inside artery caused by force exerted against the vessel wall
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How is systemic arterial blood pressure measured?
- Measured in the arm over the brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer and a stethocope;
- Arterial reference indicator on the cuff is placed over brachial artery.
- Bottom of cuff is located approximately 1" above antecubital space, and stethoscope is positioned in the medial antecubital space
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Why is skinfold measurement done during assessment?
Estimating body fat percentage
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What are locations on the body used for skinfold testing?
- CMA-SST-BTC
- Chest/pectoral;
- Midaxillary;
- Abdominal;
- Suprailiac;
- Subscapular;
- Triceps brachii;
- Biceps brachii;
- Thigh;
- Calf
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What is the purpose of circumference/girth measurements and how are they measured?
- Assesses the circumferential dimensions of various parts of the body;
- Provides indication of growth, nutritional status, and fat patterning;
- Determined using a tape measurer
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What are common circumference measurement sites?
- AW-HT-CAF
- Abdomen - level with belly-button;
- Waist - narrowest part of the torso;
- Hip - maximal circumference point of hips/buttocks;
- Thigh - Maximal circumference point of thigh;
- Calf - maximal circumference point of calf
- Arm - midway between acromion and olecranon process;
- Forearm - maximal forearm circumference
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What is the purpose of body width measurements and how is it measured?
- Provide information for determining frame size and body type;
- Can be used to estimate desireable weight based on stature;
- Measured using spreadying calipers, sliding calipers, or an anthropometer
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What are the common sites for body width measurement?
- EBKE
- Elbow;
- Biacromial;
- Knee;
- Bi-iliac
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Describe the components of the Standard (Mason-Liker) 12 lead Electrocardiography (ECG) system?
10 Electrodes - 4 limb electrodes, 6 precordial electrodes
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Where are the 4 limb electrodes of an ECG placed on the body?
- Right Arm (RA), Left Arm (LA) - positioned just inferior to distal end of right and left clavicle;
- Right Leg (RL), Left Leg (LL) - positioned just superior to iliac crest along midclavicular line
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Where are the 6 Precordial electrodes of the ECG placed on the body?
- V1 and V2 - Fourth intercostal space on right and left sternal border, respectively;
- V4 - Midclavicular lind at fifth intercostal space
- V3 - Midpoint between V2 and V4;
- V5 and V6 - anterior axillary line and midaxillary line, respectively
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Describe potential bipolar electrode placement for the ECG on the body.
- Can be place in various locations;
- Could be placed on manubrium, right 5th intercostal space, or standard electrode placements of RA, RL, LL, V5
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Where is the upper and lower electrodes for defibrillations placed?
- Upper - Just inferor to clavicle and to the right of the sternum;
- Lower - Midaxillary line just lateral to left nipple
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