*24. The only Eastern Bloc country that responded to the prodemocracy movement of 1989 with bloody repression was
E. Romania.
*25. In late 1994, which autonomous republic in the Russian Federation declared independence, prompting an invasion by the Russian Army and a bloody civil war?
D. Chechnya.
*26. The Brezhnev era in the Soviet Union appeared stable for all of the following reasons except
A. the high rate of growth in the consumer sector of the economy.
*27. The Brezhnev era witnessed all of the following changes except
B. cultural and artistic freedom.
*28. Poland differed from the other Eastern Bloc states because
C. of its independent agriculture and vigorous church.
*29. The workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk demanded all of the following except
B. dissolution of the Communist party.
*30. Gorbachev's economic reforms included all of the following except
E. the breakup of collective farms.
*31. The earliest part of Gorbachev's reform campaign in the U.S.S.R. featured
E. antialcoholism and anticorruption drives.
*32. In the revolutions of 1989, the first state to elect a non-Communist leader was
D. Poland.
*33. According to the text, European societies in the early 21st century face all of the following problems except
D. rapidly declining living standards.
*34. Privatized companies in post-Soviet Russia
D. usually ended up in the hands of former Soviet managers and bureaucrats.
*35. According to the text, economic "shock therapy" in Russia worked poorly for all of the following reasons except the
E. strength of the ruble on international currency exchanges.
*36. Vladimir Putin
D. was elected President of Russia in 2000.
37. Russian moderation in foreign affairs is evident in all of the following except its
D. application to join NATO.
38. Between 1991 and 1999 the Yugoslav Army and Serb irregular forces invaded or attacked non-Serb ethnic groups in all of the following areas except
A. Montenegro.
*39. The Solidarity movement of the 1980s was led by
A. Lech Walesa.
40. In order to deal with the disastrous economic situation, the Solidarity government in Poland
B. implemented economic "shock therapy" for free markets and private property.
*41. The Maastricht Treaty of 1991
A. set up a plan for creating a European monetary union with a single currency.
*42. The attempted coup by the communist old guard in the Soviet Union in August 1991 failed because of
B. massive popular resistance, rallied around Boris Yeltsin.
*43. According to the text, many European intellectuals see Europe's mission in the 21st century as
C. promoting human rights, democracy, and prosperity outside Europe.
44. Among the predictions made in the 1970s about the future of humanity that have to date not come true are all the following except
B. that U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide would continue to rise.
*45. The Gulf War clearly revealed
A. American preeminence as the only remaining superpower.
46. The post-Soviet governments of Eastern Europe introduced all of the following reforms except
E. substantial social welfare systems.
47. In the year 2001
C. socialist parties came to power in thirteen of fifteen member states of the European Union.
*48. In 1997, which three countries were accepted to membership in NATO?
A. Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary.
*49. The successful reform movements in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic resulted from all of the following factors except
B. state control of strategic industries.
50. The Eastern European states that lagged behind in reform efforts included all of the following except
E. Lithuania.
*51. Slobadan Milosevic's plan which hastened separatism and civil war in Yugoslavia was known
C. Greater Serbia.
*52. The event which finally galvanized NATO action against the Bosnian Serbs was
C. the slaughter of several thousands citizens in Srebrenica.
53. The Dayton Accords created
A. a loosely federated state, with Serbs, Croats, and Muslims sharing control.
*54. The text argues that the decline of West European birthrates is due to
E. the entrance of married women into careers and the related drive for gender equality.
*55. It is estimated that between 1991 and 1999, illegal immigration into the European Union remained
D. rose from 50,000 to about 500,000 persons per year.
56. Maastricht Treaty faced considerable opposition from all of the following groups except
D. Christian Democrats.
*57. Opposition to the Maastricht Treaty was based on all of the following considerations except
A. the belief that the new currency would be easily manipulated and controlled by the United States.
*58. French reaction to the austerity reforms introduced to meet Maastricht criteria featured
B. massive protest marches and a national strike.
59. In the aftermath of German reunification, the consequences have included all of the following except
E. a greater role for women in the public sphere.
60. Vaclav Havel's message, from the "Individuals in Society" feature, emphasizes
C. the power of peaceful revolution.
61. Adam Michnik, whose Letters from Prison is presented in "Listening to the Past," argued that
C. Solidarity rejected violence for practical and idealistic reasons.
Terrorism and ____________ have gone hand-in-hand since the beginning of the twentieth century.
B) civil war
The German Red Army Faction is an example of the
E) second wave of terrorism.
Western nations joined forces with the Afghani _____________ in the 2001 attack on the Taliban and al-Qaeda.
E) Northern Alliance
During their struggle against the Soviet Union, bin Laden and like-minded "holy warriors" developed a hatred of all of the following except
C) Islamic puritanism.
In __________, President Bush and his advisers began to consider how to overthrow Saddam Hussein.
E) 2000
In 2002, the Bush administration ____________ new Security Council resolutions requiring Iraq to accept the return of weapons inspectors.
C) reluctantly agreed to
In the days after the collapse of Saddam's dictatorship, British and American troops __________ looting of government buildings and hospitals.
E) turned a blind eye to
Which of the following events occurred first?
B) Glasnost leads to greater freedom of speech in the Soviet Union.
Gorbachev's encouragement of reform movements in Poland and Hungary was a repudiation of the ____________ doctrine.
E) Brezhnev
_____________'s Velvet Revolution ousted the communist government from power.
B) Czechoslovakia
When ___________ broke away from the Soviet Union, Alma-Ata became its capital.
D) Kazakhstan
The ___________ of 1990 was a general peace treaty that brought an end to World War II and the cold war.
C) Paris Accord
Alliance for Germany
a political party that was set up in East Germany calling for the unification of East and West Germany, which they felt would lead to an economic bonanza in East Germany. In March 1990 they won almost 50 % of the votes in East German parliamentary election thereby beating out the Socialist party.
baby bust
at the opening to the 21st century, Europe was experiencing falling birthrates that seemed to promise a shrinking and aging population in the future.
European Union
the new name as of 1993 for the European Community.
Gdansk Agreement
a working class revolt in the Lenin shipyards of Gdansk that resulted in the workers gaining their revolutionary demands including the right to form free trade unions, freedom of speech, release of political prisoners, and economic reforms.
Glasnost
"openness," part of Gorbachev's campaign to "tell it like it is" marked a break from the past were long banned writers sold millions of copies of their works, and denunciations of Stalin and his terror were standard public discourse.
Great Russians
party leaders that identified themselves with Russian patriotism, stressing their role in saving the country during WWII by protecting it from foreigners; they were leaders within the Communist party in non-Russian republics.
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)
formed in 1998 by frustrated Kosovar militants who sought to fight for their independence.
Maastricht treaty
a treaty created in 1991 that set strict financial criteria for joining the proposed monetary union, with it single currency and set 1999 as the start date for its establishment.
Paris Accord
a general peace treaty that brought an end to World War II and the cold war that followed - it called for a scaling down of all armed forces and the acceptance of all existing borders as legal and valid.
perestroika
economic "restructuring" reform implemented by Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the setting up of profit-seeking private cooperatives to provide personal services for consumers.
re-Stanlinization
referring to the installation of a dictatorship in Russia that was collective rather than personal and where coercion replaced terror and that lasted until Gorbachev in 1985.
shock therapy
the Solidarity-led governments radical take on economic affairs that were designed to make a clean break with state planning and move to market mechanisms and private property.
Solidarity
led by Lech Walesa, this group of workers organized their free and democratic trade union and quickly became the union of a nation with a full-time staff of 40,000 and 9.5 million union members by March 1981.
third way
a plan for East German government supported by East German reform communists who wanted to preserve socialism by making it democratic and responsive to the needs of the people. They advocated going beyond failed Stalinism and capitalism, and called for closer ties, yet not unification, with West Germany.
Velvet Revolution
the moment when communism died in 1989 with an ousting of Communist bosses in only ten days; it grew out of popular demonstrations led by students, intellectuals and a dissident playwright.
New World Order
A description of the international system resulting from the collapse of the Soviet Union in which the balance of nuclear terror theoretically no longer determined the destinies of states.
a political party that was set up in East Germany calling for the unification of East and West Germany, which they felt would lead to an economic bonanza in East Germany. In March 1990 they won almost 50 % of the votes in East German parliamentary election thereby beating out the Socialist party.
Alliance for Germany
at the opening to the 21st century, Europe was experiencing falling birthrates that seemed to promise a shrinking and aging population in the future.
baby bust
the new name as of 1993 for the European Community.
European Union
a working class revolt in the Lenin shipyards of Gdansk that resulted in the workers gaining their revolutionary demands including the right to form free trade unions, freedom of speech, release of political prisoners, and economic reforms.
Gdansk Agreement
"openness," part of Gorbachev's campaign to "tell it like it is" marked a break from the past were long banned writers sold millions of copies of their works, and denunciations of Stalin and his terror were standard public discourse.
Glasnost
party leaders that identified themselves with Russian patriotism, stressing their role in saving the country during WWII by protecting it from foreigners; they were leaders within the Communist party in non-Russian republics.
Great Russians
formed in 1998 by frustrated Kosovar militants who sought to fight for their independence.
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)
a treaty created in 1991 that set strict financial criteria for joining the proposed monetary union, with it single currency and set 1999 as the start date for its establishment.
Maastricht treaty
a general peace treaty that brought an end to World War II and the cold war that followed - it called for a scaling down of all armed forces and the acceptance of all existing borders as legal and valid.
Paris Accord
economic "restructuring" reform implemented by Gorbachev that permitted an easing of government price controls on some goods, more independence for state enterprises, and the setting up of profit-seeking private cooperatives to provide personal services for consumers.
perestroika
referring to the installation of a dictatorship in Russia that was collective rather than personal and where coercion replaced terror and that lasted until Gorbachev in 1985.
re-Stanlinization
the Solidarity-led governments radical take on economic affairs that were designed to make a clean break with state planning and move to market mechanisms and private property.
shock therapy
led by Lech Walesa, this group of workers organized their free and democratic trade union and quickly became the union of a nation with a full-time staff of 40,000 and 9.5 million union members by March 1981.
Solidarity
a plan for East German government supported by East German reform communists who wanted to preserve socialism by making it democratic and responsive to the needs of the people. They advocated going beyond failed Stalinism and capitalism, and called for closer ties, yet not unification, with West Germany.
third way
the moment when communism died in 1989 with an ousting of Communist bosses in only ten days; it grew out of popular demonstrations led by students, intellectuals and a dissident playwright.
Velvet Revolution
A description of the international system resulting from the collapse of the Soviet Union in which the balance of nuclear terror theoretically no longer determined the destinies of states.
