Improved inter particle friction, stability and bond with binder - better for case course and asphalt concrete - but harder to work into place (i.e consolidate)
Round shape with smooth surfaces
Easier to work into shape and require less water in PC concrete
Aggregate particle sizes ranges typically from
<150 microns to >20 mm
Single sized aggregate results in
Large voids
gap graded
Smaller particles reduce void size
Reducing past content of concrete leads to :
Reduced cost
Reduced temperature rise
Reduced shrinkage
Reduced permeability
Gradation affects properties such as
Stiffness
Durability
Workability
resistance to moisture damage
Permeability
Fatigue resistance
Sieve maximum size
Is the smallest sieve through which the entire sample passes
Nominal maximum size
is the standard sieve opening immediately smaller than the smallest through which all aggregate passes