-
Where do today's drugs come from?
- Natural sources
- Chemical Synthesis
- Biotechnology
-
Name some medications that come from plants:
- Morphine
- Atropine
- digitalis
-
Name some medications that come from animals:
-
Name some medications that come from minerals:
- Antacids
- Silvadene Cream - silver salts
- Solganal - gold
-
2 Types of synthetic Drugs:
- Synthetic - made from lab chemicals
- Semi-synthetic - made from natural substance that is altered by a chemical process
-
Give an example of a synthetic drug:
Demerol
-
Give an example of a semi-synthetic drug:
amoxicillin
-
Name some drugs produced by biotechnology:
- Proteins from bacteria
- Humulin
- Nutropin
- Thyrogen
- Activase
-
What is therapeutic action?
What the drug does for the patient
-
What is Physiologic action?
What they drug does in the body
-
What is the "Affected Body System?"
What the drug effects in the body
-
What is the chemical type of a drug?
What the drug "is"
-
What must a prescription include?
- Date
- Name of patient
- Name of drug
- Dosage
- Route of Administration
- Frequency
- Prescriber's Signature
- Name, Address, Telephone Number and DEA number of prescriber
- Must be written on a pre-printed prescription pad
-
What are standing orders?
Protocol, used in common situations requiring standard treatment
-
What are verbal orders?
Common place in surgery. Occurs when surgeon asks for something not written down.
-
What are STAT orders?
Drug should be administered IMMEDIATELY and one time only
-
What are PRN orders?
pro re nata, means that a drug may be given as needed
-
What is a crash cart?
Cart with medications and instruments used during a cardiac emergency
-
What is a pixis?
Machine that dispenses medication by scanning the barcode.
-
What are the forms drugs are available in?
- Solid - slowest acting, capsule, tablet, rarely used in surgery.
- Semi-solid - powder form that must be reconstituted, commonly used in surgery. Also includes creams, gels, foams, ointments and suppositories
- Liquids - Available in solutions and suspensions and emulsions
- Gases - Fastest acting, nitrous oxide, Suprane
-
What is enteral?
Medication will be taken into the gastrointestinal tract
-
What is topical?
Medication will be applied to the skin, or mucous membrane lined cavity. Includes inhalation of a drug.
-
What is parenteral?
Medication taken by any route other than digestive track, usually intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous
-
What is the simplest/most common way to administer drugs?
Orally
-
What is local effect?
Medication works at the site of application
-
What is systemic effect?
Medication works through out the body
-
What is an NSAID?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
-
What is a bolus?
Very large dose of medicine
-
Name some parenteral routes of medication administration:
- Intra-dermal - injections given between layers of the skin, TB skin testing
- Intra-articular - anti-inflammatory agents injected into the joint cavity
- Intra-thecal - anesthetics or contrast media injected into the spinal subarachnoid space
-
What are the 4 processes of Pharmacokinetics?
- Absorption - Varies due to administration route and blood supply to the area
- Distribution - Circulatory System
- Metabolism - Liver
- Excretion - Kidney
-
What is pharmacokinetics?
Study of how the body processes drugs
-
What are pharmacodynamics?
Examines how the body responds to the action of a drug
-
What is bio-availability?
The degree to which the unchanged drug molecule reaches systemic circulation
-
What is plasma protein binding?
When drug molecules bind to proteins contained in the plasma
-
How are most drugs eliminated from the body?
In urine, but sometimes in bile, feces or skin
-
What is an agonist?
Drugs that bind to or have an affinity for a receptor and cause a particular response
-
What is an antagonist?
Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent responses
-
What is a synergist?
A drug that enhances the effect of another drug
-
What is an indication?
The reason or purpose for giving a medication
-
What is a contraindication?
Reason for NOT giving a medication
-
What is onset?
The time between administration of a drug and the appearance of its effects
-
What is duration?
The length of time between onset and the disappearance of drug effects
-
What is a side effect?
an expected, but unintended response to a drug
-
What is an adverse effect?
Undesired, potentially harmful side effect of a drug
-
What is drug hypersensitivity?
Adverse effect resulting from a previous exposure to a drug or similar drug
-
What is an idiosyncratic effect?
Rare and unpredictable adverse reactions to drugs
|
|
