The sympathetic nervous system exerts___________ effects on target organs, which are activated by releasing epinephrine,norepinephrine and related substances into effector tissue
Adrenergic
The parasympathetic nervous system exerts___________ effects on target organs, which are activated by releasing acetylcholine and related substances into effector tissues.
Cholinergic
The parasympathetic nervous system exerts___________ effects on target organs, which are activated by releasingacetylcholine and related substances into effector tissues.
The substance that causes the relaxation of blood vessels so blood enters the erectile tissue of the penis
differences between Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
differences
4 cranial nerves that are part of the Parasympathetic
3: Occulomotor
7: Facial
9: Glossopharyngeal
10: Vagus
Sympathetic =
Fight or Flight
Parasympathetic =
Rest and Digest
Effectors are
things that are being controlled
synapse occurs in the swollen areas on the nerve called
Glanglia/Ganglion
Effector in the autonomic
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
glands
effector Somatic Motor
Skeletal Muscles
Presence of ganglia
Somatic = No Ganglia
Autonomic = yes
number of neuron form CNS to effector Somatic vs Autonomic
Somatic = 1
Autonomic = 2
type of nerve fibers
somatic vs autonomic
somatic = fast-conducting thick and myelinated
autonomic = slow-conducting, preganglonic fibers lightly myelinated but thin, post ganglionic fibers unlyelinated and very thin
Somatic motor neurons release _____
only ACH which is always excitatory
Autonomic neurons release ______
mainly ACH and norepinephrine nut may be excitatory or inhibitory
preganglionic neurons come form ______ in sympathetic and from _______ in parasympathetic
Sympathetic = Thoracolum
Parasympathetic = Craniosacral
adrenal gland has a
"direct Hook up"
there is no synapse
he makes the 2 hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) for fight or flight
as soon as fight or flight starts he gets a shock that says release
parasympathetic synapse
1st Long, 2nd Short
Sympathetic synapse
neurons hand off the message at the ganglia
1st Short
2nd Long
the sympathetic chain of ganglia runs along both sides of the spinal cord.
true
Occulomotor Nerve
innervates the involuntary muscles of the eye
Facial Nerve #7
innervates nasal mucosa, pharynx, palate and lacrimal glands and salivary glands
Glossopharyngeal #9
innervates parotid salivary gland
Vagus #10
innervates heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and intestine
during parasympathetic the sacral nerves ____
innervate lower part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary and reproductive organs
General Functions
Sympathetic
activate body for fight or flight through the release of norepinephrine from postganglionic neurons and epinephrine from adrenal gland
prepares body for intense physical activity by ^HR and blood glucose levels and diverting blood to skeletal muscles
Tonically regulates heart, blood vessels and other organs
General Functions
Parasympathetic
the parasympathetic is antagonist to the sympathetic division
Allows Rest and Digest through the release of ACh from postganglionic neurons
Slows the HR, and increases digestive activities
Cholinergic Synaptic Transmission
ACh is the NT used by all preganglionic neurons (parasympathetic and Sympathetic)
Adrenergic Transmission
NO erection
Nitric Oxide
causes the smooth muscle in the blood vessels to relax, they open up and the blood can go in
Cholinergic Effects are caused
ACh is the neurotransmitter
Pupils constrict
decrease HR, decrease BP
increase Digestion
Bronchoconstriction
Store Glucose
Blood goes to Digestive and Skin
Adrenergic Effects
Neurotransmitter is Norepinephrine
Pupil Dilate
increase HR, increase BP
decrease digestion
Bronchodilator
Release Glucose
Blood goes to the skeletal muscles and heart
mimetic
Mimics
Lytic
Blocks
cooperative effects
occur when both divisions produce different effects that work together to promote a single action
erection and ejaculation: para causes vasodilation and erection sym causes ejaculation
urination: para aids in bladder contraction, sym helps bladder muscle tone to control urination
complementary effects
occur when both divisions produce similar effects on the same target
Salivary gland secretion: para stimulates secretion of watery saliva, sym constricts blood vessels so the secretion is thicker
The neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic neuron
ACh
Parasympathetic have ______________ganglia
terminal ganglia
they synapse on ganglia located near or in the effector organs
An example of a process where the two divisions cooperative
point and shoot
urination
The 4 cranial nerves that are part of the parasympathetic division