-
ventricles
- fluid filled chambers in the interior of the brain
- contain cerebrospinal fluid
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Gray Matter is made up of ___
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gray matter is on the _____ ____ of the brain
outer cortex
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white matter is made of
axons
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white matter forms ____
most of the interior of the brain
-
the largest part of the brain is the
- Cerebrum
- it is 80% of total brain mass
-
what do Dendrites do
Receive
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what are the cell bodies in the gray matter responsible for?
Process
- Dendrites "Receive"
- Cell Bodies "Process"
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Frontal Lobe
- Voluntary muscle movement
- Concentration
- Verbal Communication
- Decision Making
- Planning
-
The frontal lobe contains _____
the motor cortex
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Parietal Lobe
- perception of somatosensory senses
- Touch
- Pressure
- Pain
- Temperature
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the frontal lobe contains the
Somatosensory Cortices
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Temporal Lobe
- Auditory Cortex
- Perception and Interpretation of auditory and olfactory information
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Occipital Lobe
- Visual Cortex
- Perception and interpretation of visual images
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Insula
- Interpretation of gustatory information
- Integration of pain sensations with visceral responses
- Mirror Neurons
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the motor and somatosensory cortices process info for areas through the body.
describe fine sensation and less sensory acuity
- the amount of cortex dedicated to a body region is often disproportionate to the size of that region.
- more cortices on lips and hands equals fine sensation
- the back and legs have less cortices so those parts of the body have less sensory acuity
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cerebral lateralization
- contralateral sensory perception and motor control
- Specialization in higher brain functions
- Left - language and analytical ability (CATEGORICAL)
- Right - spatial comprehension (REPRESENTATIONAL)
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think of the thalamus as the
- switch board operator (Except Smell)
- thalamus is Sensory Relay
- allows you to tune things out
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where is melatonin produced?
Pineal gland
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Memory
- 2 basic forms
- Short term and Long term
-
Short term memory
- less than 30 sec
- hippocampus is required for retention
-
long term memory
- greater than secs
- there are 2 types of long term memory
- Non-Declarative: memory of simple skills and conditioning (putting on shirt, tie shoe, drive car)
- Declarative: Memory of facts and events
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Thalamus
- receives all sensory info destined for the cerebral cortex (except smell)
- Relays the info to the appropriate area of the cortex
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Hypothalamus
- PRESIDENT
- Motivational Behavior (hunger, Thirst, Body Temp...)
- Emotions (Anger, Fear, Pleasure)
- Neural Control of the Pituitary hormone release
- Controls Circadin Rhythms (with pineal gland)
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Pons
regulation of breathing
-
Cerebellum
- Fine Tunes Muscle Movement
- receives info from proprioceptors (pressure sensors in muscles, tendons and joints)
- Coordination of body movements
- Maintaining posture and balance
- motor skills/Muscle memory
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Medulla Oblongata
- relay for ascending and descending info between the brain and the spinal cord
- Survival Functions (cardiac, respiratory & vasomotor centers)
- regulates HR, contractile force
- Regulates respiration
- Controls blood vessel diameter and blood pressure
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the hindbrain is made up of
Brain Stem (Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla Oblongata
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Reticular Activating System
- network of neurons in medulla, pons, midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus
- activated by receipt of sensory info
- induces nonspecific arousal to cerebrum (Promotes wakefulness)
- Inhibited by GABA-releasing neurons in hypothalamus (Promotes Sleep)
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how many pairs of spinal nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
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spinal cord
- links brain to the peripheral nervous system
- controls some involuntary functions (spinal reflexes)
- Protected by vertebral column and meninges
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SAME DAVE
Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent
-
reflex arcs are controlled by
- the spinal cord NOT the brain
- they help maintain balance and muscle tone
- they are evaluated with "jerk" tests
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the central nervous system consists of
-
the areas associated with Language are
- Broca's Area
- Wernicke's Area
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Broca's Area
- LOcated in the left inferior frontal lobe
- Coordinates complex fine motor functions involved in speech
- Control of tongue, lips...
- Damage leads to Broca's Aphasia (slow, poor articulated speech)
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Wernicke's Area
- Located in left Superior temporal lobe
- Responsible for ability to comprehend language and formulate words
- Damage leads to Wernicke's aphasia (inability to comprehend spoken or written language and inability to assemble words into coherent language)
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Limbic System
- Largely involved with emotion
- Agression
- Fear
- Sex Drive
- Goal Oriented Behaviior
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