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lecaly
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Deep muscles of the posterior thorax
erector spinae
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Erector spinae
Action: prime mover of back extension
Antagonist: rectus abdominus
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Superficial muscles of the posterior thorax
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboids
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Trapezius
Origin: occipital bone, spines of C7 and all T vertebrae
Insertion: spine and acromion of scapula
Action: extends head
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Levator scapulae
Origin: transverse processes of C1 - C4
Insertion: medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine
Action: elevates and adducts scapula
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Rhomboids
Action: retracts and rotates scapula
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Deep muscles of the thorax which assist in breathing
external intercostals
internal intercostals
diaphragm
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External intercostals
Action: raises ribs for INSPIRATION (inhale)
Antagonist: internal intercostals
Synergist: pectoralis minor, diaphragm, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid
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Internal intercostals
Action: depresses ribs for EXPIRATION (exhale)
Antagonist: , external intercostals, pectoralis minor, diaphragm, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid
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Diaphragm
Origin: xyphoid process, cartilages of lowest ribs, lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: central tendon
Action: prime muscle of inspiration
Antagonist: internal intercostals
Synergists: pectoralis minor, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid
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Superficial muscles of the anterior thorax
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
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Pectoralis minor
Origin: ribs 3, 4, 5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Synergist: external intercostals, diaphragm, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid
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Serratus anterior
Action: protracts and rotates scapula
Antagonist: rhomboids, trapezius
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Muscles of the abdomen
rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis
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Rectus abdominis
Origin: pubic crest and pubic syphysis
Insertion: ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
Action: flexes trunk
Antagonist: erector spinae
Synergists: ilipsoas
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External oblique
Action: flexion and rotation of trunk
Synergist: rectus abdominis, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
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Internal oblique
Action: flexes, rotates trunk
Synergists: rectus abdominis, external oblique, transverse abdominis
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Transverse abdominis
Action: compresses abdominal wall
Synergists: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique
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