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lacythecoolest
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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reasons the estrogen mimicking chemicals have such a huge effect on many animals
- fat-soluble
- long half life
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downfalls of being a homeotherm
- takes 10x more energy
- have to eat 10x more then fish
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animals that are able to maintain consistent salt concentration regardless of salinity
Osmoregulators
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animals that adapt to whatever salinity they are in
Osmoconformers
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most viable resource in the desert
H2O, desert tortoises fight till they make the other pee
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Neither created nor destroyed
Law of Conservation of Matter
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Spectrum that gives off heat
Infra Red
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glowing animals that gives off light
bioluminescence
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provides the scientific understanding underlying environmental issues
ecology
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How is sunlight important to development and behavior of organisms sensitive to photoperiod
intensity and quality affects photosynthesis
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How is wind a factor in species distribution
- amplifies effects of temperature by increasing heat loss rom evaporation and convection
- can change morphology of plants
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How is rocks and soil an important part of animal distribution
- plants grow in it and animals feed on it
- -physical structure
- -pH
- -Mineral composition
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what influences moisture on soil and rocks
slope because of gravity and water
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pH on rocks and soil
- limestone absorbs acid
- lower pH=higher acidity
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example of pH affecting distribution
- subbery Canada has a smoke stack
- one part of lake is completely clear
- other, with limestone is filled with life
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rocker layers
soil horizons
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composition of sedimentation, decomposition
soil profile
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four major abiotic components of climate
- temperature
- water
- sunlight
- wind
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marcoclimate consists of patterns on the
- global
- regional
- local level
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microclimate consists of
very fine patterns encountered by community of organisms
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what are global climate patterns determined by
- solar energy
- planets movement in space
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things coming alive after being dorment for 1000's of years
resurrection ecology
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what do animals rely most on in regards to seasonal behavior
photoperiod
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two types of boundary layers
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weathering that causes pot holes
- Physical weathering
- Ex:
- frost wedging
- expansion of H20
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weathering that erodes marble statues
- chemical weathering
- because of acid rain
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distribution of plants in desert
- uniform
- to compete for water
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place where CO2 is measured
- Mona Loa mountain
- high up, middle of ocean
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CO2 change from 30 years ago
- increase CO2 by 300 ppm
- is now 400 ppm
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Galileo's model
planets rotate around sun
heilocentric
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Catholic model of sun rotates around earth
geocentric
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light and temperature increase steadily toward the poles
- seasonal variations
- at equator sun set and sunrise very sudden
- In Alaska sunset/rise change daily
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global air circulation and wind patterns
- Hadley cells
- plays a part in determining climate patterns
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zone of transition from one biome to another
habitat transition
- ecotone
- high diversity of animals
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amount of types of species at a specific location
species richness
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how many species of each at a given location
species evenness
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all the organisms that are part of the individuals environment are collectively called
biota
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sounds wave tracker used to record when an animal swims by in the water
ducane signaler
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equipment that records temperature every minute
data loggers
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device that signals if SUR has any data
hydrophone
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levels of animal concern
- endangered
- threatened
- species of special concern
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same temperature in body of water
isotherm
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why are Killarney lakes the clearest in North America?
zebra muscles are filter feeders, ate all the nutrients, aquatic plants died
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term for limestone
bettering substrates
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biome with broad leaved evergreen trees
tropical rain forest
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2 measurements of species diversities
- species richness
- species evenness
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8 major terrestrial biomes
- tropical forest
- desert
- savanna
- chaparral
- temperate grassland
- coniferous forest
- temperate broadleaf forest
- tundra
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ecological problems in a tropical rain forest
- competition for light
- few nutrients in soil
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benefits for vines in tropical rain forest
- up higher for light
- don't have to support themselves
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why is there more nutrients in the soil up north
leaves fall to the ground
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spreading out of trees and plants
canopy
stratification
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trees/plants grow on top of each other
epiphytes
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where is the greatest animal diversity on planet
tropical rain forest
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location of deserts
30 degree latitudes
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temperature range of deserts
-30 to 50 C
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terrestrial biome that has high evaporation and scattered plants
very low NPP
desert
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NPP
- net primary productivity
- mass/area/time
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whats the advantage to living underground and being nocturnal in the desert
cool and moist
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animals that make their own water
- metabolic water
- oxidize Hydrogen with O2
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how to plants reduce surface area
wilting
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plant in desert with no leaves
cactus
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disadvantage of small animals in desert
more surface area to volume ratio
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forgetting what the environment use to be like
- environmental amnesia
- zebras and leatherback turtle abundance
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seeds that are only germinated with a fire happens
fire adapted
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where is the savanna located
between equatorial and 30 lat
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types of animals in savanna
migratory, large herbivores
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type of land in savanna
grassland with scattered trees
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A state that is a good example of chaparral
california
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what causes mudslides in the chaparral biome
fires burn plant roots, rain comes, nothing to hold soil in place
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where is chaparral terrestrial biome located
between 30 and 60
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different names for Temperate grasslands in different countries
- NA-plains and prairies
- Russia- steppes
- Argentina- pampas
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location of temperate grasslands
between 30 and 60
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plant that's not grass nor wooden
forbes
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forbes are located in which terrestrial biome
temperate grassland
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differences between chaparral and temperate grassland
temperate grassland is moist and is a grazing prime agriculture area
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what kind of plants dominate the chaparral biome
shrubs
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what kind of plants dominate the temperate grasslands
grass and forbes
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largest terrestrial biome on earth
coniferous forest
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where is the coniferous forest located
60 N lat
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type of plant that dominates coniferous forest biome
conifers
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biome with many migratory birds
coniferous forest
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tree shapes in the coniferous forest biome
conical sloped, helps with snow load
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what kills the spruce
budworm
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where is the temperate deciduous forest biomes located
30 and 60 lat
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what type of trees dominate the temperate deciduous forest biome
deciduous trees
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what biome are migrants and hibernators located
animals adapted to seasonal hibernate or brumate
temperate deciduous forest
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areas of land that never thaw out
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where is the tundra biome located
60+ lat
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biome with migratory or cold tolerant animals
tundra
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length of growing season in tundra
less then 2 months
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trees that have fallen and have other trees grow on top of it
nurse logs
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line of trees on nurse log
colonnades
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how much rain does the temperate rain forest get a year
30 to 150 inches
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types of vegetation in temperate rain forest
- lichens
- mosses
- tall conifers
- -redwoods
- -Sitka spruce
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what aquatic environment has the highest level of productivity on the planet
estuarine
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where is the lowest NPP
ocean bc of area
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what influences the structure and dynamics of aquatic biomes
abiotic and biotic
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major ecological associations that occupy broad geographic regions of land or water
biomes
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why can't we breath H2O?
too dense, start pulling it in it wouldn't stop
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how do fishs gills get oxygen from dense H2O?
they pull it right through and exit out the back
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how do fish not cave in from H2O density/pressure
swim bladders creates neutral buoyancy
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percentage oceans covers of the earths surface
75%
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oceans have an enormous impact on
biosphere
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this biome accounts for the largest part of the biosphere in terms of area
ocean
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how do sharks stay afloat in dense H2O?
fat in liver helps maintain buoyancy
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salt concentration in marine water
3%, same as saline solution aka human fluid
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which direction do geyers go above the equator?
clockwise
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percentage of freshwater on earths surface
2%
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transition between ocean and river
estuarine
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how is environment becoming like soda?
- CO2+H2O=lower pH=higher acid in ocean
- Calcium carbonate destroys animals shells
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difference between marine and aquatic
- marine is salty
- aquatic is fresh
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what factors are aquatic biomes stratified zones or layers defined by?
- light penetration
- temperature
- depth
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2 aquatic biome zones discussed in class
littoral and limnetic
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aquatic biome zone that has enough light compensation level for plants to survive
limnetic zone
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ground of aquatic biome zone that is in the limnetic zone
littoral zone
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location where water from rivers drains into
- water shed
- biggest one in US is Mississippi
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piece of land between Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay
Delmarva
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enough light for photosynthesis
light compensation level
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