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WindWell2794
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H1N5/Bird flu transmission
- close or direct cancer with infected poultry
- rarely spread person to person
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H1N5/bird flu signs and symptoms
conjunctivitis, fever, cough, sore throat, muscle ache, shortness of breath, dyspnea, pneumonia, nausea and vomiting, seizures, altered mental state
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H1N5/bird flu how to diagnose
swab of the nose or throat within the first few days of illness
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H1N5/bird flu treatment
Oseltamivir or Zanamivir to treat and prevent
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H1N5/ bird flu Vaccine
Yes, it is not routinely used, but we have a stockpile
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H1N5/bird flu reportable disease in Illinois
No
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H1N5/bird flu education
- avoid prolonged, unprotected exposure with infected people
- avoid exposure to infected poultry
- use protective equipment and hand hygiene when handling poultry
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Hantavirus Transmission
- dust infected by mice urine, feces, and saliva
- bite of an infected rodent
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Hantavirus signs and symptoms
flu-like symptoms, fever, cough, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting, headache
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Hantavirus onset of symptoms
5-42 days after exposure
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Hantavirus treatment
- No medicine
- Supportive care in ICU with monitoring of blood pressure and fluid balance
- Mechanical ventilation may be needed
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Hantavirus reportable disease in Illinois
Yes
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Hantavirus Education
- Don't keep rodents in the house
- Don't provide food water, or nesting environments
- Seal the building to prevent rodent infestation
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Hepatitis A transmission
- fecal-oral route
- Can be transmitted person to person or from consumption of food or water that is contaminated
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Hepatitis A signs and symptoms
fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, gray stools, dark urine, joint pain, and jaundice
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Hepatitis A onset of symptoms
usually develop after 2-6 weeks
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Hepatitis A diagnosis
Symptoms and blood sample
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Hepatitis A treatment
- Rest, adequate nutrition, lots of fluid, and medical monitoring
- Some will need to be hospitalized
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Hepatitis A vaccine
Yes, for those at high risk
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Hepatitis A reportable in Illinois
Yes, within 24 hours of finding a suspected case or diagnosed
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Hepatitis A education
- Wash hands with soap and water after going to the bathroom, changing a diaper, and before and after preparing food
- Best way to prevent it is the vaccination
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Hepatitis B transmission
- skin puncture or mucosal contact with infected body fluids
- Sexual intercourse, sharing of needles or syringes, contact with blood through an open sore, and sharing razors and toothbrushes
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Hepatitis B signs and symptoms
fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay colored stools, joint pain, and jaundice
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Hepatitis B onset of symptoms
Usually begin within 90 days but can occur from 60-150 days post exposure
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Hepatitis B how to diagnosis
Blood testing showing Hepatitis B antigen
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Hepatitis B treatment
- Acute infection is supportive only
- Chronic infection is treated with antivirals such as adefovir, dipivoxil, interferon alfa-2b, pegylated itnerferon alfa 2a, lamivudine, entecavir, and telbivudine.
- Monitored for liver damage and carcinoma development
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Hepatitis B Vaccine
Yes in three shots
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Hepatitis B reportable disease in Illinois
Yes, within 7 days
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Hepatitis B education
- Best way to prevent is the vaccine
- Those at risk are those with multiple sex partners, having intercourse with an infected person, sharing needles, having a STI, those exposed on the job, and infants of an infected mother
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Hepatitis C transmission
Exposure to infected blood: sharing contaminated needles and accidental needle sticks; birth from HCV positive mother; intercourse
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Hepatitis C sign and symptoms
fatigue, fever, dark urine, clay-colored stool, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, joint pain, jaundice, and nausea and vomiting
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Hepatitis C onset of symptoms
appear 4-12 weeks but it is usually asymptomatic
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Hepatitis C diagnose
blood screening to detect virus or HCV antibody
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Hepatitis C treatment
- Pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 24-48 weeks to
- Monitor for liver disease progression
- Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) and Simeprevir (Olysio) when liver function is compromised for 12-24 weeks
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Hepatitis C reportable in Illinois
Yes
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Hepatitis C education
- Not to share items that could have blood
- Cover any break int he skin
- Do not donate blood
- Avoid alcohol
- There is a risk of transmission to your sexual partner
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Herpes Zoster transmission
- spread when the rash is in the blister-phase
- can be spread from a person to another who has had no chickenpox
- spread through direct contact with fluid from the rash blister
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Herpes Zoster signs and symptoms
painful rash on side of face/body; pain, itching, or tingling in the area; single stripe on body; fever; headache; chills; upset stomach
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Herpes zoster onset of symptoms
- clears up in 2-4 weeks
- unknown reasons for reactivation of virus/symptoms
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Herpes zoster diagnosis
- not possible in absence of rash
- direct fluorescent antibody staining
- PCR
- serologic methods
- Tzanck smears of lesions
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Herpes Zoster treatment
- Antiviral medication to shorten length and severity
- Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, famciclovir
- wet compresses, calamine lotion, and colloidal oatmeal baths
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Herpes Zoster vaccination
Zostavax
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Herpes Zoster reportable in Illinois
No
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Herpes zoster education
- Vaccination at age 60
- measures to reduce associated pain
- caused by the same virus as the chickenpox
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