shrunken and airless state of part of the lung
can be acute or chronic
usually associated with infection
Sx's:
pain on affected side
dyspnea
cyanosis diminished or absent breath sounds
atelectasis
normal breath sounds include all except:
F) c,d, and e
this occurs when there is an increase in inspiration and expiration resulting in increased rate and/or depth of respiration as well as depletion of carbon dioxide
Hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis)
difficulty breathing except in the sitting or standing position.
orthopnea
decrease of BP upon assuming an erect position
orthostatic hypotension
percussion is used to clear secretions from where?
trachobronchial trees
the amount, color and conditions of sputum can help differentially diagnose pulmonary conditions:
a foul smelling sputum suggests what?
anaerobic infection
the amount, color and conditions of sputum can help differentially diagnose pulmonary conditions:
purulent (yellow or green) sputum suggests what?
infection
the amount, color and conditions of sputum can help differentially diagnose pulmonary conditions:
frothy sputum suggests what?
pulmonary edema
the amount, color and conditions of sputum can help differentially diagnose pulmonary conditions:
mucoid (thick, clear) sputum suggests what?
cystic fibrosis
blood in sputum is called?
hemoptysis
why is valsalva maneuver dangerous?
causes increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased return of blood to the heart
treatment(s) for DVT's
anticoagulants:
coumadin
heparin
treatment(s) for bronchoconstriction:
bronchodialators that relax smooth muscle:
epinephrine
alupent
ventolin
proventil
treatment for pulmonary edema and inflamation
corticosteriods:
prednisone
cortisol
pneumothorax will have tracheal deviation _______ from affected side.
away
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary diseases (COPD) include the following:
Sx's:
increased resistance to airflow
smoking Hx
abnormal breath sounds use of accessory breathing muscles increased chest size
dry or productive cough
Asthma
bronchitis
cystic fibrosis
emphysema
this COPD is a result of increased reactivity of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli (ex, cold, allergens)
Sx's:
wheezing cough
dry or productive cough
anxiety with severe broncho spasm
symmetrically decreased chest wall
asthma
Treatment:
bronchodialtors prior to ex or cold exposure
decreased activity depending on enviro conditions
oral or IV steroids
a chronic inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree
Sx's:
cough and sputum lasting at least 3mos for 2 consecutive yrs
wheezing or rhonchi(low pitched) breath sounds
possible fever
bronchitis
treatment:
bronchopulm hygiene
positions of relaxation
paced breathing
endurance exercise
pt edu
a genetically inherited disease with thickening secretions of all exocrine glands. may present as an obstructive, restrictive, or mixed disease.
Sx's:
frequent resp. infections
inability to gain wt.
(+) sweat electrolyte test
productive large amounts of mucoid, purulent sputum
rales, wheezing
possible hemoptysis
cystic fibrosis
Treatment:
PT chest therapy
suction
endurance ex.
permanent abnormal enlargement and destruction of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
Sx's:
chronic cough
sputum production
smoking hx barreled chest
accessory muscle use
dyspnea
decreased breath sounds
