PSY 211 ch 1

way people grow & change across the life span; includes people's biological, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning

total pattern of a group's customs, beliefs, art & technology

increasing connections between different parts of the world in trade, travel, migration & communication

in a population, the number of births per woman

world's most economically developed & affluent countries, with the highest median levels of income & education: represent only 18th of world population

countries that have lower levels of income & education than developed countries but are experiencing rapid economic growth

cultural values such as independence & self-expression

cultural values such as obedience and group harmony

in developing countries, a rural culture that adheres more closely to cultural traditions than people in urban areas do

in Hindu culture of India, an inherited social hierarchy, determined by birth

w/in a country, the cultural group that sets most of the norms & standards & holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual & media power

settings & circumstances that contribute to variations in pathways of human development, including SES, gender & ethnicity, as well as family, school, community, media & culture

person's social class, incl. educational level, income level and occupational status

group identity that may include components such as cultural origin, cultural traditions, race, religion, and language

characteristic pattern of individual development in a species

pertaining to the development of a species

evolutionary process in which the offspring best adapted to their environment survive to produce offspring of their own

evolutionary line that led to modern humans

social and economic system in which economic life is based on hunting (males) and gathering edible plants (females)

species of modern humans

period of human history from 40,000 to 10,000 years ago, when distinct human cultures first developed

era of human history from 10,000 to 5,000 yrs ago when animals and plants were first domesticated

form of human social life, beg. about 5,000 yrs ago that includes cities, writing, occupational specialization, and states

centralized political system that is an essential feature of a civilization

religious leader believed to have special powers and special knowledge of the spirit world

branch of psychology that examines how patterns of human functioning and behavior have resulted from adaptations to evolutionary conditions

Freud's theory proposing that sexual desire is the driving force behind human development

Erikson's theory that human development is driven by the need to become integrated into the social and cultural environment

Bronfenbrenner's theory that human development is shaped by 5 interrelated systems in the social environment

new life stage in developed countries, lasting from the late teens through the twenties, in which people are gradually making their way to taking on adult responsibilities in love and work

process of scientific investigation, involving a series of steps from identifying a research question through forming a hypotheses, selecting research methods and designs, collecting and analyzing data and drawing conclusions

a researcher's idea about one possible answer to the question proposed for investigation

approach to investigating the hypothesis

plan for when & how to collect the data for a study

subset of a population for which data are collected in a scientific study

in research, then entire category of peoplel represented by a sample

the way a study is conducted & data is collected

in scientific research, the system of having other scientists review a manuscript to judge its merits and worthiness for publication

framework that presents a set of interconnected ideas in an original way and inspires further research

std procedure in social scientific studies that entails informing potential participants of what their participation would involve, incl any possible risks & giving them the opportunity to agree to participate or not

data that is collected in nonnumerical form

data is collected in numerical form

research method that involves spending extensive time among the people being studied

comparing an experimental group that receives a treatment of some kind to a control group that receives no treatment

the variable in an experiment that is different for the experimental group than for the control group

the outcome that is measured to calculate the results of the experiment by comparing the experimental group to the control group

program intended to change the attitudes or behavior of the participants

situation that exists naturally but provides interesting scientific information

the consistency of measurements across different occasions

the extent to which a research method measures what it claims to measure

research design that involves collecting data from people of a variety of ages on a single occasion

statistical relationship between 2 variables such that knowing one of the variables makes it possible to predict the other

research design in which the same persons are followed over time and data are collected on 2 or more occasions

an explanation of group differences among people of different ages based on the fact that they grew up in a different "cohorts" or historical periods