#2 History 6-8

An agreement among a group of nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nations

A group of advisors to the president that includes the heads of 14 top level executive departments

The collective agencies and employees of the executive branch

Rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support

A courts authority to hear and decide cases

Authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases

The authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court

To send a case backto a lower court to be tried again

A ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case

a statement that presents the views of the majority of supreme court justices regarding a case

The practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases