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when using a hand plane what should be done to avoid cutting against the grain?
reverse the tool or material
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describe 2 examples of using a chisel that would require cutting across the grain?
- 1.clearing a dado
- 2.cutting a hinge gain
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what is the first stage of creating the edge on a chisel or plane iron?
to create a suitable bevel
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how does flat grinding differ from hollow grinding?
- hollow- dome with rotating grinding wheel which creates a curvature
- flat-abrasive belt or specialized flat wheel grinder creates a flat edge
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a wheel dresser is used to resurface the wheel on a grinder. why is this an advantage when sharpening tools?
it is harp and clean so it cuts faster and with less heat to prevent retempering
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what safety precaution is a must when working with a grinder?
eye protection is required and a face shield is recommended
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when is it advisable to regrind a plane iron or chisel?
nicked, worn down, rounded
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what is normally the problem with the grinding wheels that come with new grinders?
often hard and coarse for sharpening it is advisable to replace with a soft bond 80 or 120 grit aluminum oxide wheel
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what ratio of (length of bevel) to (thickness of steel) is required to achieve a bevel angle of 25 to 30 degrees?
2 to 1 ratio of bevel to length of steel thickness creates 30 deg. slightly higher creates 25 deg.
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what is the maximum distance that the tool rest can be away from the grinding stone?
no further than 3mm 1/8"
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list 2 categories of whetstones.
- 1. oil stones and water stones
- 2. natural and man made
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which type of whetstone can be used to sharpen carbide cutters?
diamond impregnated stones
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what colour is a soft arkansas whetstone?
white, grey black, pink, grey or any combination of these
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how is the actual cutting edge on a scraper created?
burnished with a burnisher
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what are hand scrapers used for?
final smoothing before final sanding
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sandpaper used by carpenters usually has what type of grit?
garnet, aluminum oxide, and silicone carbide
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what is the correct sequence of sanding?
- 60-150 to prepare wood for paint
- 150-220 for wood to be varnished
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what are 2 classifications of sand paper?
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what is closed coat sandpaper used for?
for fine finishing and tends to clog easily
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what is open coat sandpaper used for?
initial sanding when you need to remove a ot of material
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how can you achieve a smooth flat surface when using sandpaper?
use a sanding block
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describe the teeth for a ripsaw and cuts for which the ripsaw is most effective.
chisel shaped and best for with the grain
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describe the teeth of a crosscut saw and cuts for which a crosscut is most effective.
knife shaped and cutting across the grain
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what is the gullet angle on a crosscut saw?
it is always 60 deg. for both rip and crosscut
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what are the most common teeth configurations for circular saw blades?
rip, crosscut, and combination
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how are the carbide tips attached to a circular saw blade?
brazed or silver soldered
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what type of blade is used to cut plywood parallel to the long edge?
cross cut and combination blades can cut plywood in any direction
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what is a gullet and what is its purpose?
the space between the teeth that clears the wood chips
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list 2 types of dado sets.
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can the outside cutter from a stacked dado set be used as an individual cutter?
no they should always be used as a set
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why would a carpenter decrease the point angle twist drill to an angle of 60 deg.?
allows the bit to enter cleaner and easier
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describe a brad point drill bit.
is a twist bit with a point to prevent skating
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what is the difference between an auger bit designed for a power drill and an auger bit designed for a brace?
the absence of the tang from the power bit
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briefly describe how to sharpen an auger bit.
use a bit file to sharpen the spurs than the cutting edge
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describe a fly cutter.
drill bit for drill press that can extend out to different radius to cut larger holes
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