Human Anatomy

Medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs and tips of lumbar transverse processes

Iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

Ventral Rami of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

Extends and laterally flexes vertebrae column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae

Lesser trochanter of femur

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing hip joint. Flexes trunk when sitting

Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs

Pectineal line, iliopectineal eminence via iliopectineal arch

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2)

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing hip joint.

Iliac crest, Iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it

Femoral Nerve (L2, L3)

Act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing hip joint. Flexes trunk when sitting

Internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones

Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)

Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1, S2)

Laterally rotates an extended thigh; Abducts a flexed thigh; seady femoral head in acetabulum

Anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament

Superior border of greater trochanter

Anterior Rami of S1 and S2

Laterally rotates an extended thigh; Abducts a flexed thigh; seady femoral head in acetabulum

Ischial Spine

Inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

Branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

Forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes coccyx

Body of pubis; tendinous arch of obturator fascia; ischial spine

Perineal body; coccyx; anococcygeal ligament; walls of prostate or vagina, rectum, and anal canal

Nerve to Levator Ani (S4), inferior anal nerve, and coccygeal plexus

Forms most of pelvic diaphragm that helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and superior part of notch just inferior to it

Superior part of medial surface of tibia

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint, (medially rotating leg when knee is flexed)

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine and Ilium superior to acetabulum

Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Extends leg at knee joint; steadies hip joint and aids iliopsoas in thigh flexion

Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea apera of femur

Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Extends leg at knee joint.

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur

Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Extends leg at knee joint.

Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Via quadriceps tendon to base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

Extends leg at knee joint.

Superior ramus of pubis

Pectineal line of femur

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4); May receive branch from obturator nerve

Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh

Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

Middle third of linea aspera of femur

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)

Adducts thigh

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)

Adducts thigh; some thigh flexion

Adductor Part:Ischiopubic Ramus; Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line; Hamstring Part: Adductor tubercle of femur

Adductor part: Obturator Nerve (L2-L4); Hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerves (L4-S3)

Adducts thigh; Adductor part: flexes thigh; Hamstring part: Extends thigh

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

Superior part of medial surface of tibia

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)

Adducts thigh; flexes leg; rotates thigh medially

Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

Trochanteric fossa of femur

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)

Laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surfaces of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament

Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity

Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Extends thigh and assists in lateral rotation; Steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Abducts and medially rotates thigh; Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance unsupported (opposite) side during swing phase

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Anterior surface of greater trochanter

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Abducts and medially rotates thigh; Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance unsupported (opposite) side during swing phase

Ischial Spine

Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)

Nerve to Obturator (L5, S1, S2)

Laterally rotates an extended thigh; Abducts a flexed thigh; seady femoral head in acetabulum

Ischial Tuberosity

Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L5, S1)

Laterally rotates an extended thigh; Abducts a flexed thigh; seady femoral head in acetabulum

Lateral border of Ischial Tuberosity

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L5, S1)

Laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

Ischial Tuberosity

Medial surface of superior part of tibia

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Extend thigh; Flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; Extends trunk when thigh and leg are flexed

Ischial Tuberosity

Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; refelcted attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Extend thigh; Flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; Extends trunk when thigh and leg are flexed

Ischial Tuberosity

Lateral side of head of fibula;

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; Extends thigh

Linea Aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

Lateral side of head of fibula;

Common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; Extends thigh

Lateral head: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur; Medial Head: Popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking flexes knee at leg

Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula; soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia; and tendinous arch extending beteen the bony attachments

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Plantarflexes ankle regardless of knee position; Steadies leg on foot

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Weakly assists gastroc in plantarflexion of ankle

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degrees on fixed tibia; medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb

Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula; inferior part of interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Flexes great toe at all joints; Weakly plantarflexes ankle; Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; by a broad tendon to fibula

Base of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Flexes lateal 4 digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot

Interosseous membrane; posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line; posterior surface of fibula

Tuberosity of navicular; cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

Plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot

Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Superficial Fibular Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

Superficial Fibular Nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle

Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Deep Fibular Nerve (L4,L5)

Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Deep Fibular Nerve (L4,L5)

Extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Deep Fibular Nerve (L4,L5)

Extends great toe and dorsiflexes anlkle

Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

Deep Fibular Nerve (L4,L5)

Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Abducts and flexes 5th digit

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Medial Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Abducts and flexes 1st digit

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa

Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Medial Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Flexes digits 2-4

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing digits 2-4

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Medial aspect of expansion over digits 2-4

Medial one: Medial Plantar Nerve (S2, S3); Lateral 3: Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges af digits 2-4

Base of 5th metatarsal

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Oblique Head: Bases of metatarsals of digits 2-4

Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Adducts 1st digit; Assists in transverse arch of foot

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

Both sides of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Medial Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Bases and medial sides of metatarsals of digits 3-5

Medial sides ofbases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Adduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Adjacent sides of metatarsals of digits 1-5

• 1st: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit;
• 2nd-4th digits: Lateral sides of 2-4 digits

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2, S3)

Abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine; Anterior part of iliac crest

Illiotibial tract, which attaches to the lateral condyle of tibia

Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Abducts and medially rotates thigh; Keeps pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance unsupported (opposite) side during swing phase