Disorders and Stuff

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

• an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
• often stems from maltreatment and inhibition as a child, though mellows out by age 50

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations

an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) or actions (compulsions)

• an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
• The greater one's emotional distress is during a trauma, the higher the risk of PTSD symptoms

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

• Stimulus generalization
• reinforcement

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

• a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members
• may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

fearful sensitivity to rejection that predisposes the withdrawn

expresses eccentric behaviors, such as the emotionless disengagement

exbhibits dramatic or impulsive behaviors

self-focused and self-inflating