mid term review

• (opposite of echogenic) without internal echoes; the structure is fluid-filled and transmits sound easily
• ex: vascular structures, destened urinary bladder, gb, and amniotic cavity

• (opposite of anechoic) echoproducing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity
• ex: gallstone, renal calyx, bone, fat, fessures and ligaments

sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid filled) substance and is not attinuated; there is increased brightness diectly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure as compared with the surrounding area

• interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics; this level will change with patient postition;
• ex: dermoid with fluid level

• not uniform in texture or composition
• ex: many tumors have characteristics of both decreased and increased echogenicity

• (opposite of heterogeneous) completely uniform in texture or composition
• ex: the texture of the liver, thyroid, testes and myometrium

• low level echoes within a structure
• ex: lymph nodes and gastrointestinal tract

usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease

• borders are not well defined, are ill defined, or are not present
• ex: abscess, thrombus and metastases

• very close to the normal parenchyma echogenicity pattern
• ex: metasatic disease

well defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely bening) or thick (likely malignant)

the sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object; this reflection or absorption may be partial or complere; are bubbles in the duadenum may cause a "dirty shadow" to occur seconday to reflection; a stone would cause a sharp shadow posterior to its borders

to demonstrate a specific behavior involving the tasks or duties obligated to perform (perform u/s studies and gather diagnostic data under the direct or indirect supervision of a physician)

hyperechoic intraluminal echoes with posterior acoustic shadowing

• liver
• spleen

renal carcinoma

cavernous hemangiona

focal nodular hyperplasia

b9 process

• fusiform aneurysm (1&2)
• saccular aneurysm (3)

• hepatic cyst in left lobe of liver
• increased through transmission and well defined borders

long image of slpenic vein shown as a cicular stucture just anterior to the celiac axis.....(ct)celiac trunk, splenic artery, splenic vein, sma, aorta

• long image of hepatic vein draining the liver to the IVC
• think walled hepatic vein compared with the thicker wall of portal vein

transverse image of the splenic vein as it leaves the splenic hilum

a common liver malignancy related to cirrhosis. the carcinoma may present as a solitary massive tumor, multiple nodules throughtout the liver or diffuse infiltrative masses in the liver, HCC can be invasive

budd-chiari syndrome