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anechoic or sonolucent
- (opposite of echogenic) without internal echoes; the structure is fluid-filled and transmits sound easily
- ex: vascular structures, destened urinary bladder, gb, and amniotic cavity
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echogenic or hyperechoic
- (opposite of anechoic) echoproducing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity
- ex: gallstone, renal calyx, bone, fat, fessures and ligaments
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enhancement, increased through-transmission
sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid filled) substance and is not attinuated; there is increased brightness diectly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure as compared with the surrounding area
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fluid-filled level
- interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics; this level will change with patient postition;
- ex: dermoid with fluid level
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heterogeneous
- not uniform in texture or composition
- ex: many tumors have characteristics of both decreased and increased echogenicity
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homogeneous
- (opposite of heterogeneous) completely uniform in texture or composition
- ex: the texture of the liver, thyroid, testes and myometrium
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hypoechoic
- low level echoes within a structure
- ex: lymph nodes and gastrointestinal tract
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infiltrating
usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease
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irregular borders
- borders are not well defined, are ill defined, or are not present
- ex: abscess, thrombus and metastases
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isoechoic
- very close to the normal parenchyma echogenicity pattern
- ex: metasatic disease
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loculated mass
well defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely bening) or thick (likely malignant)
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shadowing
the sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object; this reflection or absorption may be partial or complere; are bubbles in the duadenum may cause a "dirty shadow" to occur seconday to reflection; a stone would cause a sharp shadow posterior to its borders
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role of sonographer
to demonstrate a specific behavior involving the tasks or duties obligated to perform (perform u/s studies and gather diagnostic data under the direct or indirect supervision of a physician)
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gallstones sono view
hyperechoic intraluminal echoes with posterior acoustic shadowing
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what structure appears homogeneous
-
most common tumor to fill IVC
renal carcinoma
-
most common b9 tumor of liver
cavernous hemangiona
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other b9 tumor in the liver 2 most common
focal nodular hyperplasia
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what disease process fatty liver infiltrate
b9 process
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- fusiform aneurysm (1&2)
- saccular aneurysm (3)
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- hepatic cyst in left lobe of liver
- increased through transmission and well defined borders
-
long image of slpenic vein shown as a cicular stucture just anterior to the celiac axis.....(ct)celiac trunk, splenic artery, splenic vein, sma, aorta
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- long image of hepatic vein draining the liver to the IVC
- think walled hepatic vein compared with the thicker wall of portal vein
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transverse image of the splenic vein as it leaves the splenic hilum
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hepatocellular disease
a common liver malignancy related to cirrhosis. the carcinoma may present as a solitary massive tumor, multiple nodules throughtout the liver or diffuse infiltrative masses in the liver, HCC can be invasive
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a thrombosis of hepatic vein is called
budd-chiari syndrome
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