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Modes of reproduction
1) Ascomycetes produce their spores inside the asci
2) Basidiomycetes produce their spores outside on sterigmata (clamp connections)
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How many spores
1) asci: four spored
2) basidio: eight spored
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Spores
1) ascomycetes have septa that contain an open pore
2) basidiomycetes contain a closed spore
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Nuclear states
The Ascomycota have small and usually short-lived dikaryotic states that are dependent upon the monokaryotic state
The Basidiomycota have large and usually long-live dikaryotic states that are not dependent on the monokaryotic state
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Hymenial layer
1) Ascomycetes have one with periphyses
2) Basidiomycetes have it on both sides with no sterile hyphae
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What do phallotoxins do?
cyclic heptapeptides; 7 known,, including phalloidin
- - are less toxic
- - act quickly
- 0 afect the liver, which becomes enlarged, dark red and brittle due to blood accumulation; liver cel plasma membranes break down
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What do amatoxins do?
cyclic octapeptides; 6 known; including several amanitins
- - act more slowly
- - more toxic
- - mainly affect the liver and its cell nuclei, especially RNA polymerase B; affect transcription, translation, DNA rep inhibited
- - also effect kidneys to a lesser degree
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What are the three stages of aminita virosa-phalloide poisoning?
1) develop within 6-24 hours (dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, etc.); the longer hte delay, the better the chances
2) After about 24 hours, there is a false recovery, which can last up to four dayas
- 3) Severe liver and kidney damage
- - recurrence of ab pain, jaundice, hepatic coma, etc.
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What are hte two hallucinogenic drugs of mushrooms?
- psilocin
- psilocybin: metabolized to psilocinĀ in vivo
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How long do the amanita toxins take to show up?
6-24 hours
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