World History CH 29 Q's

*24. The most impressive accomplishments of Stalin's five-year plans occurred in
A. collectivized agriculture.
B. consumer industry.
C. heavy industry.
D. foreign investment.
E. foreign trade.

*25. Strategic decision that most epitomized Hitler's violent and unlimited ambitions was the
A. declaration of war against the United States.
B. bombing of British cities during the Battle of Britain.
C. invasion of the Soviet Union.
D. occupation of the Rhineland.
E. offensive into the eastern Mediterranean.

*26. Hitler's Mein Kampf included all of the following basic themes except
A. land reform.
B. the leader-dictator.
C. living space.
D. the masses were driven by fanaticism, not by knowledge.
E. race.

*27. The Nuremberg Laws
A. established the parallel government/party structure of Nazi Germany.
B. deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship.
C. outlawed private property in the Soviet Union.
D. attempted to implement Hitler's promises of"work and bread."
E. established "reservations" for Jews on German territory.

*28. The first German act of aggression that could not be justified by self-determination was the
A. remilitarization of the Rhineland.
B. occupation of "rump" Czechoslovakia.
C. invasion of Poland.
D. invasion of Denmark.
E. annexation of Austria.

*29. The regimes of Nazi Germany, fascist Italy, and the Stalinist Soviet Union all shared a
A. respect for the independence of established churches.
B. complete rejection of private property.
C. violently racist ideology.
D. goal of complete economic transformation.
E. profound hatred of Western liberalism.

*30. How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?
A. Available data do not allow comparison.
B. They were lower.
C. They were far higher.
D. They were marginally higher.
E. They were approximately the same.

*31. Mussolini was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party
A. for working as a secret government informer.
B. for denying the necessity of violent revolution to establish a worker dictatorship.
C. for anti-Semitism.
D. for plotting to assassinate its leader.
E. for urging Italian entry into World War I.

32. Relations warmed between Hitler and Mussolini after
A. Hitler passed the Nuremberg Laws.
B. Mussolini attacked the British colony of Egypt.
C. Mussolini supported the German takeover of Austria.
D. Hitler came to power in January 1933.
E. Hitler supported the Italian invasion of Ethiopia.

*33. The newer comparative studies of fascism identify all of the following as shared characteristics except
A. extreme, expansionist nationalism.
B. glorification of war and the military.
C. a dynamic and violent leader.
D. alliance with powerful capitalists and landowners.
E. alliance with working-class movements.

*34. The Grand Alliance was cemented by all of the following policies except
A. a commitment to unconditional surrender.
B. the decision to exclude France from the Alliance.
C. postponement of a discussion of the eventual peace settlement.
D. U.S. adoption of the "Europe first" principle.
E. the promise of huge U.S. aid to Britain and the Soviet Union.

*35. In the early 1930s German chancellor Bruning tried to cope with the Great Depression by
A. cutting government spending and squeezing down wages and prices.
B. repudiation of the Treaty of Versailles and drastic increases in military spending.
C. large spending on public works projects.
D. enactment of new welfare measures.
E. free trade policies to attract foreign investment.

*36. Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with the
A. Russian intelligentsia.
B. urban workers.
C. foreign capitalists.
D. White counterrevolutionaries.
E. Russian peasants.

*37. The Lateran Agreement indicated that Mussolini had the support of
A. Italian labor unions.
B. the Greek government.
C. the Pope and the Catholic church.
D. fascist Spain.
E. Nazi Germany.

*38. The term Final Solution refers to
A. Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.
B. the attempted extermination of European Jews by the Nazis.
C. the Allies' demand that Germany had to surrender unconditionally.
D. Stalin's industrialization drive.
E. Hitler's suicide as Soviet troops stormed Berlin.

*39. The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
A. engaged Germany and the Soviet Union to defend one another should either be attacked.
B. allied Germany and the Soviet Union against Britain and France.
C. stated that Germany and the Soviet Union foreswore any further acts of aggression against sovereign states.
D. stated that if either side became involved in war, the other would remain neutral, and included a secret agreement to divide up Yugoslavia.
E. stated that if either side became involved in war, the other would remain neutral, and included a secret clause dividing up Poland.

*40. Hitler's popularity was based on all of the following except
A. growing profits for business.
B. his successes in foreign policy.
C. his establishment of equality for women.
D. high employment and rising real wages.
E. the perception of greater equality and social mobility for all Germans.

*41. In the Battle of Britain (1940)
A. British labor unions protested continuation of the war.
B. the German army landed troops on the sooth coast of England.
C. Hitler tried to break civilian morale in Britain with radio broadcasts and leaflet drops.
D. the German navy attempted to wrest control of the English Channel from the British.
E. the German air force sought to win control of the air over Britain.

42. According to the text, the differences between "conservative authoritarian" and "radical totalitarian" regimes include all of the following except
A. authoritarian regimes sought to maintain the status quo while totalitarian regimes sought to destroy it.
B. authoritarian regimes did not seek to regulate tightly their subjects' lives while totalitarian regimes did.
C. authoritarian regimes did not use police repression against dissent, while totalitarian regimes did.
D. authoritarian regimes depended heavily on support from the church and big landowners, while totalitarian regimes generally dominated these groups.
E. authoritarian regimes were based on an elite, while totalitarian regimes mobilized entire peoples with appeals to nationalist and socialist sentiment.

*43. In Stalin's Soviet Union, women
A. were urged to liberate themselves sexually.
B. lost the right to vote.
C. were able to pursue professional careers.
D. shared family duties equally with men.
E. were relegated to agricultural and domestic labor.

44. The only Eastern European state that retained its parliamentary government through the turbulent 1920s and 1930s was
A. Hungary.
B. Yugoslavia.
C. Latvia.
D. Poland.
E. Czechoslovakia.

*45. Marshal Henri-Philippe Petain
A. was a French general who deserted to the Nazis during their invasion of France.
B. commenced French rearmament when he became premier in 1938.
C. commanded the French armies in the spring of 1940.
D. led the Popular Front government in France in 1937.
E. headed the Vichy French government that made peace with the Nazis.

*46. Early writers on totalitarianism such as Elie Halevy
A. stressed the differences between fascism and communism.
B. asserted that all totalitarian states were closely related.
C. celebrated conservative authoritarianism.
D. stressed the differences in the historical patterns of fascist states.
E. argued that fascism was a tool of powerful capitalists.

*47. According to historian Daniel Goldhagen, most Germans
A. detested the anti-Semitic policies of the Nazi party.
B. greeted the outbreak of war with resignation.
C. were Hitler's willing accomplices in the Final Solution.
D. were indifferent to the Holocaust.
E. feared Bolshevism above all.

*48. Stalin's theory of "socialism in one country"
A. was originally proposed by Leon Trotsky.
B. was rejected by the Communist party.
C. maintained that the success of socialism depended on world revolution.
D. argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own.
E. proposed that the Soviet Union should give up trying to catalyze the world proletarian revolution.

*49. One example of the successful resistance of Russian peasants to collectivization was
A. de-kulakization.
B. Stalin's decision to limit the extent of collectivization.
C. their control of the Siberian grain and raw materials sectors of the Soviet economy.
D. grudgingly tolerated family plots.
E. the restoration of their rights to move freely without carrying passports in 1935.

*50. Among the objectives of Stalin's first Five-Year Plan were all of the following except
A. to squeeze out of the peasants the capital needed for industrialization.
B. to stamp out the small-scale private enterprise tolerated under the NEP.
C. to catch up with the advanced capitalist countries in industrial and military power.
D. to prevent the growth of an independent class of "capitalist" peasants.
E. To Russify the ethnic minority groups in the U.S.S.R.

*51. All of the following were factors in the success of Stalin's industrialization drive except
A. the skill of Soviet economists.
B. a sharp decrease in domestic consumption.
C. the crushing of independent labor unions.
D. extensive labor discipline.
E. the use of foreign experts.

*52. The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922 largely because
A. of mass unemployment.
B. of the general strike against the government declared by the Catholic Church.
C. socialist workers were seizing control of factories.
D. of mutinies in the Italian fleet.
E. of the violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants.

*53. One of the most important consequences of the Great Purges was the
A. decline in the international scope of the communist movement.
B. rise of significant sympathy for Nazi Germany inside the U.S.S.R.
C. destruction of the Red Army's ability to fight.
D. elimination of foreign spies and saboteurs.
E. creation of a new generation of communists loyal to Stalin.

*54. Hitler's aggressive foreign policy was exemplified by all of the following except the
A. invasion of Poland.
B. invasion of Ethiopia.
C. annexation of Austria.
D. remilitarization of the Rhineland.
E. occupation of Czechoslovakia.

55. Hitler's promise to create a "third path" between capitalism and communism was directed primarily at
A. big business.
B. urban workers.
C. the middle and lower-middle classes.
D. the intelligentsia.
E. the army officer corps.

56. Hitler acquired absolute dictatorial powers, through the Enabling Act, as a result of
A. the Reichstag fire.
B. the election of 1932.
C. the assassination of a German diplomat by a Jew.
D. the remilitarization of the Rhineland.
E. a wave of strikes by German labor unions.

57. Hitler purged the SA, the brown-shirted Nazi storm troopers, because
A. they had been infiltrated by communist agents.
B. he suspected SA leaders of masterminding the Reichstag fire.
C. they resisted Hitler's personal control of the Nazi party.
D. the army and big business were suspicious of them.
E. the SA had attempted to overthrow Hitler.

58. Hitler's slogans in the early 1930s included all of the following themes except
A. emphasis on young Germans and the future.
B. expulsion and extermination of the Jews.
C. national rebirth.
D. the need for government programs to bring about economic recovery.
E. crimes of the Versailles Treaty.

59. Prior to the outbreak of the war, Hitler's domestic policies had resulted in all of the following except
A. improvements in the average standard of living.
B. a modest degree of social mobility.
C. greater equality for women.
D. large-scale Jewish emigration from Germany.
E. the virtual elimination of unemployment.

*60. Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he
A. Invaded Norway.
B. remilitarized the Rhineland.
C. used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland.
D. Occupied Austria.
E. Took the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.

*61. According to Hitler's New Order, the European "race" that was next to the Jews on Hitler's scale of subhumans was the
A. Nordic race.
B. Latin race.
C. Slavic race.
D. Magyar race.
E. Anglo-Saxon race.

*62. By 1945, Hitler and his Nazis had murdered
A. 600,000 Jews.
B. l million Jews.
C. 6 million Jews.
D. 20 million Jews.
E. 2 million Jews.

63. The story of the villagers of Le Chambon represents the
A. importance of the Catholic Church in motivating humanitarian opposition to the Nazis.
B. horror of the Holocaust.
C. depths of depravity associated with collaboration.
D. impact of the Soviet collectivization drive.
E. many others who actively worked to save Jews from the Nazis.

64. Between 1942 and 1944, German war production
A. doubled.
B. tripled.
C. remained stable.
D. declined by half.
E. quintupled.

65. According to Marco Nahon's Birkenau: The Camp of Death, excerpted in "Listening to the Past," when the Jews of Dimotika learned they were to be deported, most of them
A. scattered into the surrounding countryside.
B. responded with armed resistance.
C. fled to Turkey.
D. cooperated, believing the Allies would be able to liberate them.
E. offered passive resistance, refused to leave Dimotika, and were shot.