Xray Terminology

body standing, palms forward

upward, above, higher than

downward, below, lower than

ventral: toward the front

dorsal: toward the back

toward the side, toward the left or right of midline

toward the midline

headward (the shoulders are cephalead to the knees) (cephalic, cephalward)

footward (the knees are caudad or caudal to the hips) (caudal or caudally)

nearer the medpoint/ or trunk of the body (the shoulders are proximal to the elbows)

further away from the midpoint or tunk of the body (hands are distal to elbows)

a plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior halves (looking at the coronal slice of body would be front to back AP view)

a plane dividing the body into left and right lateral halves (looking at a sagittal slice would be a side Lateral view)

a place dividing the body into superior and inferior haves. (a transverse (axial) slice would be like a CT scan)

running along on the same plane

at 90 deg

at an angel  (angles need to be specified)

laying down

laying face down

lying face up

laying on side

hip to knee

knee to ankle

shoulder to elbow

elbow to wrist

individual bones composing the spine

7 bones of the neck, numbered from superior to inferior c1, c2, c3, etc

12 bones of the middle back (T1 - T12) also may be called dorsal spine D1-D12)

5 bones of the lower back (L1 - L5)

1 large triangular bone at back of spine (composed of 5 fused segments)

1 small bone caudal to the sacrum (tailbone) (composed of 3 or 4 fused segments)

a lateral (side to side) curve in the spine (coronal plane) Abnormal

the hollow side of a curve (inside)

the rounded side of a curve (outside)

a curve to the anterior (sagittal plane) Normal in cervical and lumbar spine

a curve to the posterior. Normal in thoracic spine

the fibrocartilagenious cushion between all vertebrae C1&C2

ring behind each vertebral body through which the spinal cord passes from superior in inferior

an opening (window) Used most frequently to indicate the intervertebral foramia (IVF), small canals between the verebrae (laterally, L&R) through which nerve roots exit from the spinal cord.

• Less then (also may mean beneath)
• (hypolordosis = flattened cervical spine)

greater than (hyperkyphosis = excessively rounded middle back)

within (intravertebral means within the bone of the vertibra)

between (intervertebral means between two vertebrae, as in intervertebral disc)

above, superior to

below, inferior to (infrascapular means below the shoulder blade)

around, near, close to, abour (can also mean beyond, the opposite, adnormal, irregular)

joint - may be an internertebral joint or a peripheral joint

fibrous bands that attach muscles to bones

fibroelastic bands that hold joints together

bend forward, assume the fetal position (decreased angle between parts)

bend backward, opposite of fetal position (increased angle between parts)

move away from the trunk, as in shoulder or hip abduction (absent)

move toward the trunk or further toward the midline (add)

combination of movements to "circle" a joint (some joints cannot circumduct)

bend sideways L or R, side-bending, tiliting

turning (twisting) a part L or R, as in turning face to L or R

tearing ligaments - serious injury

pulling muscle fibers - more mid injury

dislocation - completely disrupting the joint, severely tearing the ligaments and separatingthe two involved bones

a slightly malaligned or fixated joint that causes neuronal disturbance, with associated disturbances of the surrounding muscles, ligaments and vascular supply

pain

congential malformation "relating to birth"

waves

the technician who takes (produces) the films. An Xray operator

the doctor who interprets the films

updated term for radiology

the xray beam enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior sufrace

the xrays beam enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface

indicates that the right side of the patient is in contact with the film

indicates the the left side of the patient is in contact with the film

the right anterolateral surface of the body is closest to the film.

the left anterolateral surface of the body is closest to the film.

the right posterolateral surface of the body is closest to the film

The left posterolateral surface of the body is closest to the film.

The patient stands for the film

the patient lies down for the film.

The patient lies on one side, with the beam passing through horizontally

Sitting on a chair, with the unaffected body parts placed outside the path of the xrays beam

Unknown

Pulling back, in which the chin moves straight posterior.

the image produce by x-radiation

Posture to avoid pain

Pulling back

Right posterior oblique

Left posterior olbique

Posterior anterior

Anterior posterior

Right anterior oblique

Left anterior oblique

Disc herniation

The back point of the vertibrae

Side points of the vertebrae

The pulp in the middle of the vertebrae

Fog on the cassett