thanatochemistry

a group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids; most are applied to the body surface

a substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in aqueous solutions

a substance that donates a proton

a substance that accepts a pair of electrons

a wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body burial in alkaline soil

an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl ( -OH) group. the general formula for a mono-hydroxy alcohol is R -OH, where R is a hydrocarbon group

an organic compound containing one or more -CHO group. the general formula is R -CHO, where the R is a hydrocarbon group

the sugar in which the functional groups are hydroxyl groups ( -OH) and an aldehyde group (-CHO)

pertaining to any member of one of the two major groups of organic compounds, those having straight or branch chains structures

___ properties are those that can be observed w/o altering the chemical composition of a substance

taste, color, and odor are examples of ____ physical properties

the state in which matter exists (solid, liquid, gas) are ___ physical properties

physical properties that can be measured are ___ physical

___ is a measured (quantitative) physical property which explains the ability of sugar to dissolve in water.

if a scientist wants to measure the relationship btwn the mass and volume of a gas or solid, a calculation is used to measure the ___

to calculate the volume of a solid that is not soluble in water, scientists use ___ of water to gather data

____ _____ is used to compare the density of water to the density of another substance

____ properties are characteristics that can be observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change of chemical composition

physical changes do not yield a new substance

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chemicals changes from a new substance with new chemical and physical properties

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the decomposition of human remains is an example of a physical change

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chemical changes includes the rusting of iron, creating oxides, the burning of paper, and the souring milk

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hydrolysis is responsible for the decomposition of human remains

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another name for the production of oxides as determined by the burning of paper, is combustion

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the amount of heat required to convert 1 gram of a solid to a liquid state is the melting point

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vaporation is the process of changing a liquid to a gas

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the atmospheric pressure is measured in units of millimeters of mercury

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one atmosphere is equal to 1 torr

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methods of converting a gas to a liquid include decreasing the temperature of increasing the pressure

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as one travels from sea level to a mountain top the atmospheric pressure increase as the air becomes more dense

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the volume of gases are altered by heating and cooling

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solid states of matter have the most order so they are said to have the least entropy

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when placed in a container liquids maintain their own volume and take the shape of the container

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when the pressure on a gas in increased the volume decrease

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homogeneous mixtures are characterized by non-uniform properties

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elements are the basic units or matter

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water is an example of a compound

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heterogenous mixtures do not have uniform properties throughout the mixture

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any process in which heat is absorbed is called an____ reaction

3 properties of gasses are

any reaction in which heat is liberated is called a ____ reaction

Charles Law/Boyles Law states that if the ____ on a gas remains constant, the ____ is directly proportional to the temperature expressed in Kelvin

of the three common states of matter ____ contains the most energy and ____ contain the least amount of energy

the condition of no net change in the liquid level (as noted by separation via cellular membrane) is represented as a stat of _____

___ can be formed by varying proportions of their components

the 3 types of matter are

what indicates two or more elements chemically united in definite proportions by mass

substances that can be decomposed or separated into the original constituent are

what can be separated by physical means

anything which has mass and occupies space is

two or more substances that are not chemically combined are classified as a(n)

what physical states of matter contain the most energy

inorganic chemistry involves substances classified as

what represents the normal temperature of the human body

the origin of chemistry dates back to ancient Egypt, and the etymology stems from

when studying the nature of matter scientists focus on what criteria

a chemical change does not cause change in the chemical composition of material

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potential Energy is the energy of motion

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matter is anything that possesses mass and occupies space

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a 2000 ton ship traveling at 5 Km/hr has less inertia than 5Kg rock traveling at 90 Km/hr

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normal human body temperature is 98.7 degrees Centigrade/Celsius

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one calorie is the amount of heat necessary to raise 1g of water, 1 degree Celsius at 15 degrees celsius

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scale of measuring temperature include the following scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, kelvin, and calorie

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1000 ml is equal to 1L

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1mg is equal to 0.001g

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1km is equal to 0.001m

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using the Standard Units Of Measurements dictates that length is measured in kilometers

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°98F is equal to ___ degrees celsius

°32C is equal to ___ degrees F

decomposing human remains is an example of a chemical change

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organic chemistry is the study of compounds produced by living organisms

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organic chemistry is the study of compounds which usually contain carbon

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mass is the quantity of matter present in an object

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inertia is the tendency of a body to resist a change in motion

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in the Celsius scale, zero degrees is the melting/freezing point of water and 212 degrees is the boiling point of water

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the nucleus of an atom is composed of small, dense particles  called

electrons are changed particles that surround the nucleus and have a ____ charge

the ___ ____ provides identity to the atom and is also the # of protons in the nucleus.

the atomic symbol for potassium is

Group 8A element on the periodic chart are known as

substances that can be decomposed or separated into singular substances are

A ____ ____ is formed when two like atoms join together chemically, as seen with Hydrogen, Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, and bromine

what is the result of two or more chemically united in definite proportions by mass

a molecule of a compound must contain at least___ different elements

the most common form of oxygen is

the rate of diffusion is ___ by a decrease in temperature

fundamental types of matter that cannot be converted into other kinds by ordinary chemical means are

the nucleus of an atom has a negative change

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electrons balance the charge of the nucleus by providing a negative charge

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protons are particles containing a positive charge

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an atom is the smallest particle of an element

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neutrons provide a buffering action in a nucleus by separating the positive charge from the protons

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an atom is known to known to have a positive charge

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an atom is known to have a negative charge

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a neutral atom has the same # of protons and electrons

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isotopes are atoms of the same atomic # and have slightly differing masses due to varying # of neutrons

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when an atom gains or losses electrons, during a chemical reaction, the remaining particles are called ions

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the atomic symbol for mercury is Mc

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the atomic symbol for sodium is Na

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each symbol from the periodic table represents what

the top # is the atomic # which is ___

the bottom # represents the atomic mass which is what

each symbol of the periodic table represents the name of one ___ of a(n) ____

the ____ ____ represents the ttl # of protons or electrons of an element

___ #s are used to represent the # of electrons lots, gained, or shared in a chemical change

balanced chemical formulas have a net charged of ___

hydroxide (OH-1) is a ___ ion

the formula representing carbon dioxide contains a subscript of the # ___

___ are abbreviations of compounds

adding electricity to water, yielding the products H₂ and O_2, is an example of a ____reaction

the four types of inorganic compounds are ___ ___ ___ ___

the measure of the gravitational pull on an object

a type of lipid formed form the combination of unsaturated and/or saturated fatty acid and high-molecular-weight alcohols (not glycerol)

having the quality of being easily converted at a relatively low temp from the liquid to the gaseous state

the resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another over another arising from the molecular attraction btwn the molecules of a liquid

liquids that serve as solvents for the numerous ingredients incorporated into embalming fluids

the physical change from a liquid to a gas

a gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temps is a liquid or solid

the neutralization product of formaldehyde by ammonia

a solution containing less of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent

an organic compound that has one or more double or triple bonds btwn two carbon atoms

an expression of the fixed ratio btwn carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbon

homogeneous mixture of two or more substances able to pass through a semi-permeable membrane. the size of the solute particles is less than one nanometer

an alcohol having 3 hydroxyl groups,
exp: glycerol

type of lipid that is formed by the reaction of three fatty acid molecules and glycerol. also known as triglycerides or neutral fats

a poisonous substance produced by higher plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is toxic (poisonous) to humans

a chemical compound similar to an alcohol in which the oxygen of the hydroxyl group is replaced by a sulfur atom resulting in the sulfhydyl group (-SH)

the study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are casued by the process of death

temporary hardness can be removed by boiling and is due to the presence of the bicarbonate salts of calcium and magnesium

means by which heat and cold are expressed: means to measure how hot or cold a substance is

abbreviation for an element

a mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the size of the solute particles is greater than 100 nanometers. particles of solute do not pass through filters or membranes

(surface tension reducer/ wetting agents/ penetrating agents)- chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and thereby enable it to flow through smaller apertures

the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area

additional germicides adding to embalming fluids

the material upon which an enzyme works

a physical change of state during which a substance change directly from a solid to a gas

a chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of the atoms and the linkage of the every atom

a physical property of matter (solid, liquid, or gas); condition of the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure.

a ratio of densities with water as the standard

a substance that does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount

the substance of dissolving

a homogeneous mixture of one or more substance (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.

a substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount

the measure of how well two substances mix

the conversion of a liquid or gas into a solid form

the condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume

a compound whose hydrolytic products are fatty acids and alcohols

the injection taking place after the initial, primary, or first injection

an alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to a carbon that is attached to two other carbons

a solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature

a hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds

the reaction btwn a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soup)

any group of substances that result from the reaction btwn acids and bases other than water

Supplemental fluid, used with the regular atrial solution, whose purpose is to retain body moisture, retard dehydration, and restore  natural color

a decrease in oxidation number; a gain of electrons; the combination of a substance with hydrogen

surface-active agents that are generally used for disinfection of skin, oral and nasal cavities, as well as instruments

the decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria

a subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom. it has a relative mass of 1 amu and an electrical charge of +1

a biological compound that is a polymer of many amino acids

characteristics by which substances may be identified

an alcohol in which the hydroxyl (-OH)group is attached to a carbon that is attached to no more than one other carbon

the force per unit area exerted on a material

components of embalming solutions used to inactivate the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids resulting in the inhibition of decomposition

fluids designed to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility

a deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution

energy stored

a polymer made by linking together a # of simple sugar molecules. starches and cellulose are example

the linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer

a large molecule made by linking together a # of monomers, or basic chemical units

those alcohols having more than one hydroxyl group

a group of atoms that acts as a unit and possesses a charge

any substance that imperils health or life when absorbed into the body

properties of a substance that are observed w/o a charge in chemical composition, which include color, odor, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point

a change in the form or state of matter w/o any change in chemical composition

the measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

water hardness that can not be removed by boiling, the addition of chemicals must be used. permanent hardness is caused by the chloride and sulfate salts of calcium and magnesium

the tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic #. the arrangement allows the columns of elements to represent the periodic recurrence of similar properties

a bond formed form a dehydration reaction btwn the amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on another amino acid

a 5 carbon sugar molecule

a method of expressing low concentrations; 1ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram per liter

a compound consisting of oxygen combined with only one other element

a # used to represent the # of electrons lost, gained, or shared in a chemical charged

the combination of a substance with oxygen; an increase in oxidation #; a loss of electrons

the passage of pure solvent from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules. the membrane is permeable to the solvent

the branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon-containing compounds

a common name for a triacylglycerol that is a liquid at room temperature and contains a high % of unsaturated fatty acids

a very dense, small, positively charged center of an atom that contains most of the mass of the atom in the form of protons and neutrons

any element that is not a metal. nonmetals tend to form negative ions

a neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton. it is normally found in the nucleus of an atom

the reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water

the simplest form of a carbohydrate consisting of a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose. it cannot be hydrolyzed to a smaller carbohydrate molecule

an alcohol with only one hydroxyl group

a charged entity consisting of only a single atom

the smallest unit of a compound that can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specially a chemical of two or more atoms that form a special substance

a chemical formula expressing the # of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance, w/o indicating how they are linked

chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the arterial fluid to be used

a combination of two or more substances not chemically united and NOT in definite proportion by mass

the smallest dose of a poison (or radiation) on record that produces death

the standard metric unit for length

an element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of electricity and heat.  metallic elements tend to form positive ions

the change state from a solid to a liquid

the quantity of matter present in an object

anything that has mass and occupies space

standard unit of volume in the metric sustem

a substance that flows readily but does not tend to expand indefinitely

conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid form as a result of a physical or chemical change

a condensed version of the structural formula, written all on one line and demonstrating the relationship of the substituent group in the molecule

the amount of a poison (or radiation) that will kill 50% of the group to which it has been administered

in any chemical or physical change, mass is neither created nor destroyed but merely changed in form

in any chemical or physical change, energy is neither created nor destroyed but merely transformed from one form to another

energy of a body by virtue of its motion

1000 grams; the basic unit of mass in the metric system

a sugar whose functional group are hydroxyl (-OH) group and a ketone (C=O) group

any class of organic compounds containing the carbonyl group (C=O) whose carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms; the carbonyl group occurs w/i the carbon chain

the base SI unit of temperature equal to 1/273.15 the absolute temperature of the triple of water

a solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared

the possession by two or more distinct compounds of the same molecular formula, each molecule having the same # of atoms of the element, but in different arrangement

the dissociation of a substance in solution into ions

an atonic or molecular species with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge; an atom of an element or group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained an electron(s)