the instant that the heel touches the ground to begin stance phase
Standard- heel strike
RLA - initial contact
the point in which the entire foot makes contact with the ground and should occur directly after heel strike
standard- foot flat
RLA- loading response
the point during the stance phase when the entire body weight is directly over the stance phase
standard- midstance
RLA- midstance
the point which the heel of the stance limb remains on the ground
standard- heel off
RLA- terminal stance
the point in which the heel of the stance limb remains on the ground
standard-toe off
RLA- pre swing
begins when toe off is complete and the reference limb swings until positioned directly under the body.
standard- acceleration
RLA- initial swing
the point when the swing limb is directly under the body
this phase begins with maximal knee flexion during swing and ends when the tibia is perpendicular with the ground
standard- midswing
RLA- midswing
begins directly after midswing as the swing limb begins to extend and ends just prior to heel strike
phase begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the foot and ends when the foot touches the ground
standard- deceleration
RLA- terminal swing
Stance phase is ____% and swing phase is _____%
60/40
The distance measured between the left and right foot during progression of gait. The distance decreases as cadence increase. Average base of support is 2-4 inches
Base of Support
The number of steps an individual will walk over a period of time. The average value for an adult if 110-120 steps per minute
C) cadence
The angle formed by each foot's line of progression and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe. Degree of toe-out
Average 7 degrees
Double support phase
The double support phase refers to the two times during the gait cycle where both feet are on the ground. The time of double supprt increases as the speed of gait decreases. This phase does not exist with running.
The gait cycle refers to the sequence of motions that occur from one inital contact of the heel to the next consecutive initial contact of the same heel
Gait Cycle
Pelvic Rotation
rotation of the pelvis opposite the thorax in order to maintain balance and regulate speed. 4 degrees forward and 4 degrees backward
Single support phase
The single support phase occurs when only one foot is on the ground and occurs twice during the gait cycle.
the distance measured between right heel strike and left heel strike. average is 13-16 inches.
A) step length
The distance measured between right heel strike and the following right heel strike. Average 26-32 inches
A) stride length
A protective gait pattern where the involoved step length is decreased in order to aviod weight bearing on the involoved side usually secondary to pain.
Antalgic
A gait pattern charcterized by staggering and unsteadiness. Usually a wide BOS and movements are exaggerated (drunk people)
Ataxic
A staggering gait problem seen in cerabellar disease
Cerebellar
A gait pattern characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg diring swing phase; this may be used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion
Circumduction
A gait pattern in which alternate steps are of a different length or at a different rate.
Double step AKA Equine step
A gait pattern where a patient walks on toes as though pushed, It starts slowly, increase, and may continue until the patient grasps an object in order to stop. Parkinsons
Festinating
A gait pattern in which pt abduct the paralyzed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the ground in the front of them.
Hemiplegic
a gait pattern marked by increased forward flexion of the trunk and knees; gait is shuffling with quick and small steps; festinating may occur
Parkinsonian
A gait pattern in which the legs cross midline upon advancement
Scissor
A gait pattern with stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag, legs held together, hip and knee joints slightly flexed. Commonly seen in spastic paraplegia.
spastic
A gait pattern in which the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights; usually secondary to dorsiflexor weakness. The foot will slap at initial contact with the ground secondary to the decreased control
Steppage
A high steppage ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground
Tabetic
A gait pattern that denotes gluteus medius weakness; excessive lateral truck flexion and weight shifting over the stance leg
Trendelenburg
A gait pattern where the swing leg advanced by compensating through the combination of elevation of the pelvis and plantar flexion of the stance leg
